@misc{Lexicon of Arguments,
title = {Quotation from: Lexicon of Arguments – Concepts - Ed. Martin Schulz, 29 Mar 2024},
author = {Nozick,Robert},
subject = {Explanation},
note = {II 10
Explanation/Nozick: not based on arguments - and not on evidence - because an evidence provides no understanding.
>Understanding, >Argumentation, >Proofs, >Provability,
>Evidence.
Hypotheses that are needed in an explanation must not be known to be true.
>Hypotheses, >Knowledge.
II 12
Explanation/Nozick: locates something in the topicality.
>Actuality.
Understanding: localizes something in the space of possibilities.
>Possibility, >Truth conditions, cf. >Understanding/Dummett.
II 115
Existence/explanation/Leibniz/Nozick: each factor that should explain why there is anything at all, will be part itself of what needs to be explained.
cf. >Existence/Leibniz.
Explanation: always happens in terms of something else - one cannot explain everything, but nothing is inexplicable in principle.
>Concepts, >Description levels, >Levels/order.
II 116
Explanation/Nozick: is irreflexive, asymmetric and transitive: - irreflexive: nothing explains itself.
Asymmetrical: if X explains Y then Y does not explain X (not reversible).
II 117
Transitive: if X explains Y and Y explains Z, then X explains Z. - With that a strict partial order is established.
>Partial order.
II 118f
Explanation/existence/Nozick: another possibility: explanation from laws or theories.
>Laws, >Theories.
Question: why is there then such theories and laws.
Ultimate justification/self-explanation: could one last law subsume itself?
>Ultimate justification.
Last law: must have any characteristic C - all other laws.
Problem: truth is not proven from form.
>Truth, >Proofs, >Provability.
II 120
Explanation/level/stage/Nozick: some authors: the statement must be deeper than the explained.
KripkeVs: new theory: statements themselves seek the appropriate level - the highest level/stage/Kripke: those to which the sentence to its reference is applied to.
>Truth/Kripke, >S.A. Kripke, >Fixped points/Kripke.
Nozick: then P has to be, when used in a deduction, one level lower than its instance - then a deduced statement is lower when it subsumes something than when it is subsumed.
>Deduction.
II 120
Self-explanation/Nozick: self subsumption explains itself in the quantifier logic - Otherwise:. explanation is irreflexive - that means, it cannot explain itself.
Bare facts/Nozick:
a) something that cannot be explained by something else
b) weaker: something that cannot be explained by something else.
Then the explanatory self subsumption is a bare fact that explains itself.
>Bare facts.
II 305
Explanation/Nozick: one says, an explanation should not have less (for example, semantic) depth than the explained.
>Semantics, >Semantic facts.
II 308
Causation/Descartes: cannot be less deep than the effect (principle).
>Cause, >Effect, >Description levels, >Levels/order, >Principles.},
note = { No I R. Nozick Philosophical Explanations Oxford 1981 No II R., Nozick The Nature of Rationality 1994
},
file = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=217839}
url = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=217839}
}