@misc{Lexicon of Arguments, title = {Quotation from: Lexicon of Arguments – Concepts - Ed. Martin Schulz, 29 Mar 2024}, author = {Simons,Peter M.}, subject = {Existence}, note = {I 197 Interrupted Existence/Simons: e.g. a clock before and after disassembly can be called an interrupted existence. Problem: if parts are lost and are replaced by others, the question whether it continues to exist as the same depends on the course of development. This seems wrong. SimeonsVs"continuity theory": e.g. that the table of the same building blocks could be the same for the second time > Ship of Theseus. I 199ff Ship of Theseus/Simons: a) "collector": material continuity, b) "practitioner": functional continuity. Wrong: it is wrong to assume relativized identity (also for collector/practitioner). Then there is the question why there is a problem. Solution/Simons: the sortal term always compromises between a) the identity of the matter, "matter-constant" and b) the form, "form-constant". Form: a) for organisms: life-enabling structure, b) is for artifacts: function-enabling and c) e.g. islands: characteristic shape and relation to the neighborhood. Form Term/Simons: its heterogeneity ensures its usefulness. Collectors and practitioners are satisfied because both wanted from the beginning, something different. N.B.: there are two ships from the beginning (form-constant, matter-constant), and both coincide. The shipbuilder builds only one ship > coincidence - see Identity/Simons. I 259f Existence/modality/necessity/Simons: thesis: not everything that exists, exists necessarily. Hughes/Cresswell: but if it exists, it exists necessarily. ((s) That boils down to the same thing with Simons). I 261 Samson's thesis: existence is essential but not necessary.}, note = { Simons I P. Simons Parts. A Study in Ontology Oxford New York 1987 }, file = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=219745} url = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=219745} }