@misc{Lexicon of Arguments, title = {Quotation from: Lexicon of Arguments – Concepts - Ed. Martin Schulz, 29 Mar 2024}, author = {Nozick,Robert}, subject = {Actions}, note = {II 294 Action/causation/cause/Nozick: if an action is caused, then by a consideration. >Reason/cause, >Reasons, >Motivation, >Motives, >Causes, >Causation. The other way round: which considerations we provide with a causal status depends on how we acted. Cf. >Cognitive Dissonance. II 294 Free will/Nozick: difference: a) action caused (by reasons, consideration), could have been different b) causally determined (by intractable things) could not be more different. Cf. >Determinism, >Freedom of will, >Will, cf. >Anomalous monism. II 294 Decision/ethics/Nozick: is not a discovery of weighting, but attribution of relevance. >Relevance. Then the decision is not causally determined by the weights - but not every reason is always available to everyone - E.g. history of art: not every style was always available. >Art, >Style, >Artworks, >History, >Historiography. II 299 Action/self-subsumtion/Nozick: a decision may be self-subsuming: they can establish principles that govern not only the act but also the weighting itself. >Principles. This is not a repetition of the weighting - e.g. strategy: that the result is always the best - the decision to follow this strategy itself is an action that falls under the weighting that it attributes. >Self-reference, >Description levels, >Levels/order. II 300 The act of decision can also refer to itself. II 300 Decision/fulfillment model/Herbert Simons: (instead of optimization model): you choose an action that is good enough - if you don’t find one, you continue to look and reduce your expectations - the opnion of what is good enough changes. Optimization model: here the costs are also taken into account. >Bounded Optimality/Simons, >self-reference. a) looking among known alternatives b) devising new alternatives. II 304 Reflexive: a free decision is reflexive: it exists by virtue of the weights that are conferred on it by their own validity. >Validity, cf. >Validity claims. II 318f Action/decision/free will/knowledge/belief/Nozick: actions and decisions may be seen like beliefs and facts (covariance, connection to facts). >Covariance, >Facts. >ccordingly, methods can be weighed as well. II 321 Connection: consists in judgmental belief. >Values, >Beliefs.}, note = { No I R. Nozick Philosophical Explanations Oxford 1981 No II R., Nozick The Nature of Rationality 1994 }, file = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=229272} url = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=229272} }