@misc{Lexicon of Arguments, title = {Quotation from: Lexicon of Arguments – Concepts - Ed. Martin Schulz, 28 Mar 2024}, author = {Simons,Peter M.}, subject = {Mereology}, note = {I 23 Mereology/Simons: mereology has operators instead of quantifiers (of PL). Operators take a Term N and form a new term N (a noun), e.g "ov" overlapper of "pt" "part-of", "ex" outsider of-complex terms: e.g. instead PL: "binary product of () and ()", the following is easier: "(Bpr (,))". Mereology: "Sm" "sum-of", "Pr": "Product-of". Plural Designation/mereology: "Sum of the squares" instead PL: "Sum of x such that x is a square. >Parts, >Part-of-relation. I 176f Mereological Consistency: e.g. wine in a specific bottle stops being this when poured. Mereological variability: e.g. water in the river Salzach: is "the same water with differences in its entirety". Mass Terms: mass terms tend to consistency because we are referring with terms of constancy to change. Material things are mereological variable: they can gain and lose parts. Pro: Aristotle, Locke, >Aristotle, >J. Locke, Vs: Leibniz, Hume, Reid, Chisholm. >Th. Reid, >G.W. Leibniz, >D. Hume, >R. Chisholm. >Essentialism, >Essence. I 190 Mereological Consistency/succession/Chisholm: mereological variable objects are only logical structures made of mereological constant objects (entia per se). The relation of succession depends on the type of object (e.g. table or cat). I 209 Continuity/Simons: continuity is stricter than mereological consistency: the hair must exist continuously, so that the old hairstyle can be restored. >Continuity, >Consistency. I 278 Mereology/science/practice/Simons: most of the objects of the natural sciences e.g. stars, planets, organisms or volcanoes are such that they are both: natural objects or whole and at the same time mereological variable. This corresponds to a middle path between essentialism and arbitrary or conventional parts. >Essentialism, >Conventions, >Necessary part.}, note = { Simons I P. Simons Parts. A Study in Ontology Oxford New York 1987 }, file = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=247162} url = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=247162} }