@misc{Lexicon of Arguments, title = {Quotation from: Lexicon of Arguments – Concepts - Ed. Martin Schulz, 28 Mar 2024}, author = {Simons,Peter M.}, subject = {Modalities}, note = {I 253 Mereology/modal/modality/Simons: we need modality in the mereology. We also need a definition of "necessary part" and a modal definition of "sum" (because it is less intuitive than "organism"). Dependence: a) ontological dependence: an object cannot exist without another existing, b) functional dependence: functional dependence consists between characteristics of objects which form a whole. >Functional dependence, >Ontological dependence, >Dependence. I 264 Modal Part/Simons: e.g. a class of counterparts might be considered a whole with different modal components. >Counterparts. Modal Parts: modal parts are possible in various possible worlds. >Parts, >Cross world identity. I 268 Modality/metaphysics/metaphysical/nature/necessity/Simons: a given atom could not have other particles. They are essential parts (components). On the other hand: the given particles could have belonged to another atom. It is not essential for them to be part of this atom, i.e. to be "given". >Essential parts.}, note = { Simons I P. Simons Parts. A Study in Ontology Oxford New York 1987 }, file = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=248494} url = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=248494} }