@misc{Lexicon of Arguments, title = {Quotation from: Lexicon of Arguments – Concepts - Ed. Martin Schulz, 29 Mar 2024}, author = {Nozick,Robert}, subject = {Beliefs}, note = {II 174f Truth/Belief/Knowledge/Nozick: four conditions: (1) p is true (2) S believes that p (3) If p were not true, S would not believe p. (4) If p > S believes that p. Improvement: if p were true, S would believe it. - That excludes the following: someone happens to look into a book and therefore believes p, but would otherwise not believe it. - Problem: you can believe something according to one method, and not believe the same thing according to another method. >Knowledge, >Truth, >Method, >Certainty. II 180 Problem: Variant: truth or falsity of p affects the choice of method. II 178 Trace: = connection to the fact: is given when a person fulfils (3) and (4). - (3) ensures the trace. II 179ff Belief/Truth/Nozick: assuming, there are different methods, and the belief depends on the method. - E.g. The grandmother sees her grandson and believes that he is doing well. - If he were dead, you'd also tell her he was fine. - It does not follow that when she sees him, she does not know that he is doing well. - E.g. A father believes that his son is innocent a) out of love b) because of the evidence. Problem: if the choice of method depends on the truth/falsity - that a method fulfils conditions 1 - 4 is too strong, that it only fulfils one, too weak. >Stronger/weaker, >Conditions. II 236 Belief/Knowledge/Disjunction/Conjunction/Probability/Nozick: Conjunction: we can believe it with connection to only one - disjunction: here we need both. - Adjunction: from the premises p, q, we can conclude the conjunction p & q as conclusion. >Conjunction, >Disjunction, >Adjunction. Probability: here, adjunction may fail, because the conjunction of two premises has a lower probability than each one individually. >Probability. Universal Generalization/Existence Generalization: we can believe it without connection to a particular instance. >Universal Generalization, >Existential Generalization.}, note = { No I R. Nozick Philosophical Explanations Oxford 1981 No II R., Nozick The Nature of Rationality 1994 }, file = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=276557} url = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=276557} }