@misc{Lexicon of Arguments, title = {Quotation from: Lexicon of Arguments – Concepts - Ed. Martin Schulz, 29 Mar 2024}, author = {Bigelow,John}, subject = {Motion}, note = {I 63 Movement/change/Bigelow/Pargetter: was always a problem, e.g. movement as a change of location: seems to imply a contradiction. >Change, >Contradictions. For example, the change of a disk from round to square: seems to imply that it is both round and square. Contradiction. Solution/Ockham/MA/Bigelow/Pargetter: different points of time. (Doctrine of changing forms, forma fluens). Problem: what is the difference between a) an alternating form, and b) the change of forms? ((s) one or more). Change: is once the subject itself, once it is the form. >Forms. I 64 NewtonVsOckham: the counterposition was that a moving body has not only a position at a time, but also a speed. Flux/Newton/Bigelow/Pargetter: Theory of "fluxus" was Newton's expression for the differential calculus. Motion/Newton: attributed instantaneous velocities to moving objects: a vector. >I. Newton. Vector/Ockham/Bigelow/Pargetter: also the Ockhamists attributed vectors, but in a weaker sense: as a sequence of positions. But this is then an abstraction and does not correspond to any intrinsic property of movement. Movement/Newton/Bigelow/Pargetter: is according to him a full-fledged property of an object of the 1st level, according to the Ockhamists a property of 2nd level. And this is independent according to Newton from history and "destiny", but not according to the Ockhamists. >William of Ockham. I 65 Spheres/Aristotle/Bigelow/Pargetter: according to Aristotle, there was nothing beyond the spheres (of the stars), not even empty space, which according to Aristotle was a contradiction in itself. >Aristotle. Motion/Aristotle/Bigelow/Pargetter: the universe as a whole cannot have any velocity. Then God cannot have given him one. VsAristotle: to the Church this seemed to be a limitation of God's omnipotence. >Vectors.}, note = { Big I J. Bigelow, R. Pargetter Science and Necessity Cambridge 1990 }, file = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=746426} url = {http://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-details.php?id=746426} }