I 102
Abstract/Concrete/Quine: abstract and concrete are independent from stimulus meaning.
I 212 ff
Abstract terms: abstract terms are alleged names of properties. "Roundness": "F"/"round":"a" in "Fa" - should not be used unhesitatingly without metaphysical definition because this would be too non-binding. Every abstract singular term provides an abstract general term.
I 219
Not all abstract objects are properties: numbers, classes, functions, geometrical figures, ideas, possibilities - some of these categories can be abandoned or reduced. - One can faithfully distinguish them from concrete ones by use of "-ness".
I 238
Plural: the plural is an abstract singular term: "lions are dying out". The disposition is "eats mice" (31).
I 286
Intensional abstraction: intensional abstraction is "the act of being a dog", "the act of baking a cake", "the act of erring".
I 289
Class abstraction is attributed to singular descriptions: (iy)(x)(x from y iff ..x..) instead of: x^(..x..). This is not possible for intensional abstraction.
Difference classes/Properties: classes with the same elements are identical. Properties are not quite identical if they are attributed to the same things.
I 361f
Abstraction of relations, propositions and properties are opaque (>
Planets-example/Quine).
I 295
Class abstraction is transparent, whereas intensional abstraction is opaque.
V 167
Abstract general term: is a relative clause: "Y is a class X such that FX". New is that these are classes of classes. A normal relative clause equals a general term: "y is a thing x such that Fx".
VII (d) 75
Concrete/abstract/Quine: by pointing to a square we do not assume identity with others. "Squareness" is shared by other objects, but we do not need to insinuate entities like "attributes". We do not point to the "attributes" (as an entity) nor do we need it in reference to the word "square".
VII (d) 77
Abstract Singular Term/Quine: the abstract singular term functions like names. Philosophically revolutionary is setting abstract entities (unlike general term).
VII (f) 113
Abstract Entities/Quine: classes and truth values may be accepted as abstract entities. Only statements and predicates should not be regarded as names of these and other entities, i.e. "p", "q"p,"F" etc. These should not be bindable (quantifiable) variables (>
2nd order logic) - (E.g.)(x is a dog. x is white.) does not commit X to "dogness" or to the class of white things as universals. The solution is using the explicit form: belonging to two classes: (Ex)(xεy.xεz). Of course, there are names for abstract entities like the singular term "dogness", "class of white things" (as names ((s) it does not imply existence)).
