I 2 ff
Meaning/drawing/photography: the photo with Mr. X in an obvious position with Mrs Y did not mean anything! The drawing with the same object meant something. (>
Intention).
I 4
Definition meanings/Grice: "natural meaning": measles, signs and natural signs are detected, not appointed, ther are not plumbable and there is no convention. Definition meanings: meaning are non-natural. Meaning is an expression, a character, an appointment, a convention, a metaphor or unconscious regularities.
>
Conventions, >
Metaphors, >
Regularities, >
Signs, >
Utterances.
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II 17
Meaning/Grice: meaning does not follow from intention: e.g. a perpetrator may leave false traces.
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I 8
Intention needs an idea about the effect. Listener-meaning: what the other should do in my opinion, cannot deliver the meanings. Deviation needs good reasons.
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II 36
Speaker meaning: the speaker meaning may be different for the same sentence.
>
Speaker meaning.
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III 85
Quotation marks are semantically important.
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Avramides I 2
Meaning/Grice (1957): new: Avramides: the most remarkable thing about this "new approach" is the unconscious use of the terms intention and belief. Circular: if you wanted to exclude the unwanted cases from the beginning. Prehistory: Stevenson: meaning needs constance - otherwise there is only noise. Solution: the solution are the habits of the speakers.
I 4
Grice/Avramidis: Grice is more interested in understanding how utterances come to their content. Intentions need to be explained in terms of the content, not vice versa: that still leaves the question open how intentions and beliefs come to their content.
I 5
Grice: in the tradition of Austin/Searle, later Wittgenstein: language must be seen in the context of behavior.
I 10
Meaning/Grice/Avramides: thesis: we start with speaker meaning in one situation and provide an analysis in terms of mental states of the speaker and the listener.
I 11
Fundamental: "S means in a situation that p" - thereby Grice has clarified the concept of "meaning"
(to mean) sufficiently.
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Grice III 90
Situation Meaning/Grice: the situation meaning can be expressed and meant but is still wrong.
III 95
Meaning/practice/Grice: the well-known practice of the speaker is not clear for the meaning: the sentence can have other meanings. S may have other means. We need a term like "S has in its repertoire ..."
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Newen I 77
Meaning/Grice/Newen/Schrenk: the speaker's intention is crucial. There are five steps:
1. behavior, 2. the psychological theory of needs, etc., 3. the theory of subjective utterance meanings: a) for the listener and b) for speakers, 4. the intersubjective meaning (conventional utterance meaning, VsGrice): has no theory of conventions, and 5. compositionality.
>
Compositionality.
Newen I 80
Natural meaning/Grice: e.g. "These spots mean measles": here, there can be no mistake! Otherwise there are other spots. Communication: all meaning in communication is not natural meaning - not natural meaning: here there may be errors.
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Schiffer I XIII
Meaning/Grice: (1957)
(1): expression meaning in terms of speaker-meaning is ultimately purely psychological.
1. H. P. Grice Meaning. The Philosophical Review, Vol. 66, No. 3. (Jul., 1957), pp. 377-388