Lexicon of Arguments

 Philosophical and Scientific Issues in Dispute
 
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Theses I
Theses II

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I 241f
Theory/Extension/Geach: For example, we add a predicate to system T that allows us to distinguish between different tokens: T1.
In the extended system T1, each complete sentence has the same truth conditions as in T, but the subordinate expressions (subsets) are completely changed: the quantifiers now extend to the tokens, not the types. That is, "Exy" is no longer: "x is identical to y" but "x is a token of the same form as the token y".
"F": not anymore "__ contains two occurrences of "e"", but "__ contains two tokens ..."
but not anymore: "twice the letter e".
E.g. truth conditions for whole sentences:
in T: there are two non-identical types ..."
in T1:" there are two non-uniform tokens ...".
>Truth conditions, >Type/Token.

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