Chisholm II 185
Extensionality/Quine: we assume space time points instead of "durable goods". SimonsVsQuine: language without continuants (permanent object) cannot be learned. Chisholm: probably time and modality, but not temporal or modal components: either a) accept phenomena, refuse extensionality or b) reject phenomena, demand extensionality for real lasting objects.
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Entia Sukzessiva.
SimonsVsChisholm: it is better to accept Aristotle things with unnecessary parts: trees simply consist of matter. This is more evidence than Wittgenstein's atoms.
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Simons I 3
Extensionality/Simons: if extensionality is rejected, more than one object can have exactly the same parts and therefore more than one object can be at the same time in the same place. Then we are dealing with continuants.
Continuant/Simons: everything which is not an event is a continuant (see below) or everything that can have mass.
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Continuants, >
Parts.
I 11
Extensional Mereology/CEM/extensionality/Simons: a characteristic property of extensional mereology is the relationship "part-of-or-identical-with". This corresponds with "less-than-or-equal" relationship. Overlapping: overlapping can be used as the only fundamental concept.
Limiting case: separateness and identity.
I 105f
Part/VsExtensional Mereology/Simons:
1. A whole is sometimes not one of its own parts.
2. Sometimes it is not transitive.
3. The existence of "sum-individuals" is not always guaranteed. That means, that the axioms, for individuals who obey any predicate, are wrong.
4. Identity criteria for individuals who have all parts in common, are wrong.
I 106
5. Provides a materialist ontology of four-dimensional objects. Part/Simons: thesis: there is no uniform meaning of "part".
I 117
Extensionality/Simons: extensionality is left with the rejection of the proper parts principle:
I 28
Proper Parts Principle/strong/strong supporting principle: if x is not part of y, then there is a z which is part of x and which is separated from y. Solution for distinguishing sum (Tib + Tail) and whole (process) Tibbles (cat).
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Tibbles-expample.
Simons: the coincidence of individuals is temporarily indistinguishable (perceptually).
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Superposition: superposition means being at the same time in the same place.
