Lexicon of Arguments

 

I, 7ff
"f(any)": "f(a) or f(b)" - "f(one): "either "f(a) or "f(b).
Problem: in some contexts, this does not make a difference: kissing/marrying - E.g.: all/every boy. Love anyone: same truth value as
John and Tom love Mary or both love Jane
but not
Both love Mary or Jane
>Truth value.
E.g.
Everyone (any boy) loves a ..
: same truth value as
John loves one and Tom loves one .., or
"J loves M v K and T love M v K" but also
"anybody loves M v K" and so also:
"(J loves M v K) and (T loves M v K)".
GeachVs: the whole breaks down!
Solution: Strawson: we need single rules for each case.
Geach: solution: Bracketing:
a) "every boy (loves some girl)"
b) "(every boy loves) some girl".
Correct in the case: "for every boy there is a ... "
2. (Ey) (x) (x loves y).
I 117
Somebody/everyone/one:
"Applicative expressions"/E. Johnson: an applicative expression is added to events such as "an astronomer", "every man," etc.
>Each/every/Geach, >All/Geach.
"Expressive expressions": are a subclass of Applicative expressions. - They correspond to quantifiers. - (This is Quines 2nd insight; >Syntax/Geach), >Quantifiers.

VsTradition: Applicative expressions are not to be analyzed as relative clauses.
>Relative clauses.
E.g. "Socrates had a dog and it bit Socrates": false; not conjunction of two sentences and then ask for reference of "it". - "This dog" does not help at all!
>Anaphora, >Index words, >Indexicality.
Conjunction does not work because negation of both sentences does not have any contradiction: "... did not own a dog or he did not bite Socrates".

>Universal Quantification, >Existential quantification, >Domain, >Individuation, >Identification, >Reference.