Lexicon of Arguments

 

I 124
Theory of Descriptions/unicorn/Russell/Prior:
a) "the so-and-so φ-s"
b) "X thinks that the so-and-so φ-s"
in a) and b) the marking has the same meaning whether the object exists or does not exist - in b) the sentence even has the same truth value.
>Truth value, >Non-existence, >Thinking, >Thoughts.
I 148
Theory of Descriptions/Russell: singular names: "The only thing that φ-s".
>Names, >Singular Terms.
Geach: this analysis has two parts:
a) explicitly predicative use: "x is the only thing that φ-s"
b) use as apparent subject: can be explained as an explication of an implicit predicative use: "the only thing that φ-s, ψ-s."
>Predication, >"Exactly one".
a) as "something that .."
b) "If something ..."
Prior: thie is a solution for the non-existing.
Problem: different scope:
a) as part of a complex predicate: "Something is both the only-thing- that-φ-s and not ψ-s.".
b) as part of a complex sentence: "It is not the case that ..".
Markings: useful: "the φ-re does not exist" not with logically proper name "this".
>Scope, >Narrow/wide scope.
I 152
Champagne-Example/PriorVsRussell: has overlooked that markings can be used differently : "the man over there," does not speak of something that it is "man" or that it is "over there". - If it is true that he is clever, then even if it is a disguised woman - attribution does not require proper identification - it is only required that it is "the only ...".
>Descriptions/Russell.