I (e) 100
Sunburn/mental state/Davidson: Although sunburn is identified by reference to something outside the skin, it is nevertheless on the skin - as well as mental states are in the head (though not the meanings), although they are identified by reference to something outside.
State of mind: does not go beyond the person.
Mental state: is not identical with physical state. >/physical/psychological.
I (e) 102
Perhaps there is no physical difference between mountain-sunburn and sunburn - but there is a difference, because the causation is different.
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Glüer II 69
E.g.,identity/reference/Davidson/Glüer: how clear is the idea that the ancient Greeks - some ancient Greeks - believed the earth was flat? This earth? If someone doesn't believe any of the things we believe about the earth, to what extent does it refer to the earth? >
Meaning change.
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I (d) 65ff
As long as we keep to the basic insight that words and thoughts in the simplest cases refer to the relationship by which they are effected, it is evident that the majority of our simplest views on the world are false.
The reason is that we do not first form concepts and then figure out to what they apply to.
Putnam: microstructure provides similarity for determining the reference (DavidsonVs)
Davidson: causal connections are generally relevant for language and reference.
E.g. If the difference between a short-beaked echida and a porcupine is unknown to me, it might be that I describe all the short-beaked echidnas which cross my path as a porcupine. But since I have learned the word "porcupine" in a certain environment, my word "porcupine" does not refer to short-beaked echidnas, but to porcupines.
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Rorty VI 123 ff
Rorty: there is no prospect to explain the reference directly in non-linguistical terminology (independent from sentences). There is certainly a very definite relationship between the word "Kilimanjaro" and a certain speaker, but we are unable to say the least about it if we do not know very well the role of this word in sentences.
