Lexicon of Arguments

Philosophical and Scientific Issues in Dispute
 
[german]


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Dummett I 11
Language/Evans: Language explained by modes of thinking - DummettVsEvans: vice versa! Modes of thinking are explained by language! (Frege ditto).
Language/Evans/Dummett: Gareth Evans argues that language can only be explained with the help of terms for different types of thoughts that are considered independent of their linguistic expression.
In his book "Varieties of reference" Evans attempts to analyse different ways of thinking about an object independently of language, in order to then explain different linguistic means of reference with the help of these ways of thinking about the object.

DummettVsEvans: therefore Evans is no longer an analytical philosopher for me. Analytical philosophy emerged as soon as the "turn to language" was complete. Earliest example Freges Grundlagen der Arithmetik, 1884.

Example numbers: How can we be given a number if we can't have an idea of it?
Frege's answer is based on his well-known contextual principle. However, this is formulated as the defining principle of an exploration of language, not as a guideline for investigating modes of thought (as Evans suggests).

DummettVsEvans: If thinking about an object existed only when we think something specific in relation to that object, Frege's answer would have been that the numbers are given by the fact that we capture complete thoughts about them.
Context principle: Words only have meaning in a sentence. (Frege: "meaning"). Dummett: For Frege, an epistemological question (which is based on an ontological one) is to be answered by a language-related investigation.

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