Lexicon of Arguments

 

I 285ff
Gauge Theories/Barrow: modern theories of elementary particles and their interaction. The first gauge theory was Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. Such theories are entirely based on symmetries. - The descriptions of gravitation, electromagnetism, strong and weak nuclear force are all gauge theories.
>Symmetries.
The new additional symmetries are called inner symmetries. They correspond to invariants in renaming particle identity.
>Invariants.
For example, when the identity of all protons in the world is swapped with that of neutrons.
The gauge age systematically reduced the laws of the microworld to symmetries. - We are not dependent on observation then.
>Proofs, >Provability, >Observation, >Unobservables.
Gauge symmetries can also be the key to generating new laws of nature. They describe what kind of particles is allowed, but not how many variants each allowed particle has. It tells us that certain quantities are proportional to others, but it does not determine the values of the proportionality factors. Therefore, gauge theories are not the ultimate descriptions of nature.
>Proportions, >Objectivity, cf. >Theory of Everything.
I 290
The solutions of symmetric equations do not need to have symmetry! It follows that the true symmetries are hidden, they determine the laws, not their consequences. When a calibration theory is broken in a certain way, the carrier particle necessary to mediate the local calibration invariance assumes a mass. This is probably the origin of the mass. Some calibration theories are not broken (gravitation, electrodynamics) Their carrier particles, graviton and photon, are massless.
>Symmetry breaking.