Lexicon of Arguments

 

I 93
Translation/formal language/Mates: a translation of everyday language in the artificial language is meaningless as long as the artificial language is not interpreted.
>Interpretation, >Artificial language, >Formal language, >Formalization, >Natural language.
"Minimum translation":a minimum translation translates true in true and false in false statements.
>Truth preservation, >Truth transfer.
I 102
Translation/meaning/sense/interpretation/Mates: to know whether something is a satisfactory translation (of a formal language), we need not only to know the meaning (reference), but also the sense - otherwise we can obtain various everyday language translations.
Sense/Mates: cannot be stated in a list as meaning.
>Sense.
Meaning/Mates: meaning gives the non-logical constants truth conditions: E.g. 2 < 3 is true, if the smallest prime number is less than 3.
>Meaning.
Sense/Mates: sense provides the content: that the smallest ... is smaller.
Reference/Mates: reference provides truth conditions: true, if ...
>Truth conditions.
Sense: content: that it is true.
>Reference, >Content.
I 110
Translation/variables/Mates: the translation is not affected by the substitution of the variables, but only by the substitution of the constants.
>Variables, >Constants.
I 111
Translation/summary/Mates:
1. meaningless without interpretation. (Assignment of objects to the individual constants)
2. If an interpretation is given, one can get a "standard translation" for every formal statement, and this by means of the definition of "true in interpretation I" - Problem: if the same interpretation is given in various ways (E.g. 2 = "smallest prime" or "sole even prime number") one can obtain several non-synonymous translations.
>Way of givenness, >Intension.
Two formal statements may be equivalent, without being equally good translations.
>Equivalence.
Conversely it is possible: that two statements are adequate but not equivalent - (only for ambiguity).
>Adequacy, >Ambiguity.