Lexicon of Arguments

 

I 184
Knowledge/Poundstone: variants on Justified True Belief:
Unjustified true belief: E.g., Democritus's atoms.
>Democritus.
Justified false belief: E.g., most cosmologies (also Copernicus).
Justified false assumption believed: People who doubt false cosmologies, i.e., the Church, which doubted Copernicus" justified but ultimately false theory.
>Cosmology.
I 186
Truth that is not believed for lack of justification: The philosophers who doubted Democritus.
Unjustified belief that is rejected: Ex perpetual motion machine.
I 187
Gettier/Poundstone: being right for the right reasons, except that those reasons don't apply.
>E. Gettier, >Causal Theory of Knowledge, >Knowledge.
I 208
Def Knowledge/Possible Worlds/Hintikka: "increasing knowledge is the reduction in the number of possible worlds consistent with what is known." - Ex All we know is consistent with there being life on Alpha Centauri, but also consistent with there being no life there. - Our ignorance is so great that we cannot distinguish the real world from a merely possible world.
>Possible worlds, >Impossible world.