Lexicon of Arguments

 

II 141
Ostension/show/showing/pointing to/w-questions/dual ostension paradox/terminology/Hintikka:
Def Dual Ostension Paradox/Hintikka: e.g. someone comes into the room and asks, pointing to someone:
II 142
(6) Who is the man over there?
(7) I know who the man is over there.
E.g. It's Sir Norman Brook.
(8) I know that the man there is Sir Norman Brook.
Now another person comes into the room, e.g. with a message and asks:
(9) Who of the present is Sir Norman Brook?
Paradox/Hintikka: the paradox is the double use of the interrogatives.
Wrong Solution: it is not in a twofold sense of "is".
Solution/Hintikka: the solution is to accept two different methods of cross-world identification (public and perceptual).
(7) can thus be paraphrased:
(11) (∃x) Kl (the man there = x)
Quantification/problem: because a quantifier is dependent on the concept of the individual and because the concept of the individual is context-dependent in epistemic logic, we need different quantifiers.
Then, for example, (10) must be paraphrased as:
II 143
(12) (∃x) Kl (Sir Norman Brook = x)
"(∃x)"/Hintikka: "(∃x)" corresponds to the perceptual (see above: perspective identification). This also corresponds to Russell's "acquaintance".
>Quantifiers/Hintikka, >Identification, >Individuation.