Lexicon of Arguments

 

I 258
Grammatical categories/Millikan: grammatical categories are nowadays understood by categories of surface patterns classified by surface transformations, e.g. "Pegasus exists" behaves to "Pegasus existed yesterday" as "John trained" to "John trained yesterday". Therefore "exist" and "train" fall into a common grammatical category.
>Surface structure, >Deep structure, >Existence, >Predication.
I 259
E.g. "There are books on the table" behaves to "Are there books on the table?" as "Cats are curious" to "Are cats curious?".
But:
E.g. "Here are books on the table" does not become "Are here books on the table?"
Therefore: "there" falls into a common grammatical category with "cats" but not with "here". But these are only surface transformations.
>Sentence, >Syntax.