I 99
Action/consciousness/Daniel Wegner/Frith: Thesis: we have no direct knowledge that we are the originators of our actions.
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Knowledge, >
Intentionality, >
Intentions.
I 100
E.g. There is a second test partner, who actually works with the experimental director, and who moves the mouse in a computer test almost in unison to you, but sometimes not, or with time delay.
N.B.: then you will think you are the one who moves the mouse (or cursor). This is also true vice versa.
I 102
Action/Frith: for example, a person on a treadmill should perform various responses to changes in the resistance or the speed increase, e.g. maintaining the energy, the tempo, etc.
N.B.: the people changed their way of walking several seconds before they had noticed the change in the resistance of the treadmill!
I 202
Originator/action/movement/foreign psychological/sovereignty/Frith: something that is as private as pain is the experience that we are the originators of our actions.
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Authorship, >
Libet experiment.
Cause/effect/Frith: cause and effect are connected here to units, as, for exampe, color, form and movement are connected to form objects.
Object/thing/Frith: thesis: the object arises from a combination of form, color and movement.
I 252
Action/freedom/freedom of will/Frith: why does my brain make me feel like a free acting being?
Thesis: it is beneficial for us to feel like free actors. Why this is the case, I can only answer very speculatively:
I 253
It has to do with altruism.
Altruism/Frith: altruism is one of the most difficult problems in evolutionary biology.
J. B. S. Haldane: "I would sacrifice my life for two brothers or eight cousins."
Def Dictator Game/Frith: e.g. a player gets a hundred dollars and can decide how much of it he/she gives to another player, which he/she does not know and of which he/she knows that this person will never meet him/her again.
Most people give about $30.
Def Ultimatum Game/Frith: here the other players can influence the result: if the one rejects the offer, both will leave with empty hands.
If a player gives less than 30 dollars, he is usually punished by the other players. Thesis: we have a strong sense of fairness.
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Fairness, >
Ultimatum game.
Def altruistic punishment/Frith: sometimes we even pay to punish someone else, e.g. free riders. With them we have no compassion. Our brain rewards us for the punishment of free riders.
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Free rider.
Def 2n level free rider/Frith: free riders are people who rely on others carrying out the punishment and never do it themselves.
Freedom/freedom of will/Frith: freedom is a consequence of the fact that we are experiencing ourselves as free actors, that we also assume this of other people.
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Intersubjectivity.
Child: differs between intentional and unintentional action already at the age of three years.
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Stages of development.
