Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome | |||
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Ethics, philosophy: ethics is concerned with the evaluation and justification of actions and ultimately a justification of morality. See also good, values, norms, actions, deontology, deontic logic, consequentialism, morals, motives, reasons, action theory._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
Author | Concept | Summary/Quotes | Sources |
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P. Singer on Ethics - Dictionary of Arguments
I XIII Ethics/P. Singer: In the third edition of my Practical Ethics(1), I have made a transition towards an ethics that assumes more objective ethical truths. This is partly due to the reading of Derek Parfits book "On What Matters"(2). I 4 Ethics/P. Singer: Where does our ethics come from? Observations on animals such as chimpanzees show that higher animals have a sense of reciprocity. >Animals. Nature/P. Singer: it is a mistake to believe that everything natural is good and we just have to follow our natural intuitions. >Nature, >Intuitions, >Good, >Values. P. Singer: Thesis: we have inherited the standards from our ancestors. Our task is to find out which of these must be changed. >Community, >Society. I 9 Ethics/P. Singer: how can we distinguish between ethical and unethical behavior? >Ethics. Objectively, we can distinguish whether someone acts according to our conventions, according to his conventions, or after no conventions at all. >Objectivity. I 10 Convention: a mere self-interest will not be considered an ethical behavior. Why? Solution: Ethics must stand on a broader basis than the interests of the individual. >Generalizability, > Universality, >Interest. 1.Peter Singer, Practical Ethics, 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press (2011) 2. Derek Parfit, On what Matters, Oxford (2011)._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
SingerP I Peter Singer Practical Ethics (Third Edition) Cambridge 2011 SingerP II P. Singer The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically. New Haven 2015 |