Economics Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Evolution: Evolution is the process by which populations of living organisms change over generations. It is driven by natural selection, which is the process by which organisms with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, this can lead to the emergence of new species. See also Selection, Mutation, Species, Survival, Fitness, Darwinism._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Kevin Kelly on Evolution - Dictionary of Arguments
I 1765 Evolution/Kelly: "random" mutations are often not free of tendencies: Variation is determined by geometry and physics. More importantly, they are formed by inherent recurring patterns of self-organization. >Mutations, >Coincidence. I 1791 Stephen Jay Gould/Kelly: represented the thesis of the omnipresent contingency in evolution, against a directionality, e. g. towards the emergence of the human being. (1) I 1804 KellyVsGould: later investigations revealed that the Burgess slate showed less diversity of life forms than Gould assumed in Gould's thesis. In this way, the possibility of a convergent evolution becomes more visible again. Evolution/Kelly: its third mainstay is structural inevitability. For example, a poison sting used for defense purposes has been created at least twelve times in evolution. The reason for this is not a common history, but a common pattern. >Self-organization. 1. Stephen Jay Gould. (1989) Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and Nature of History. New York: W. W. Norton, p. 320._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Kelly I Kevin Kelly What Technology Wants New York 2011 |
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