Economics Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Actions, philosophy: Actions are conscious or unconscious human actions as opposed to physical events. The action can take place against the will of the agent, but only if the opposed will is not strong enough to prevent the execution entirely._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Robert Nozick on Actions - Dictionary of Arguments
II 294 Action/causation/cause/Nozick: if an action is caused, then by a consideration. >Reason/cause, >Reasons, >Motivation, >Motives, >Causes, >Causation. The other way round: which considerations we provide with a causal status depends on how we acted. Cf. >Cognitive Dissonance. II 294 Free will/Nozick: difference: a) action caused (by reasons, consideration), could have been different b) causally determined (by intractable things) could not be more different. Cf. >Determinism, >Freedom of will, >Will, cf. >Anomalous monism. II 294 Decision/ethics/Nozick: is not a discovery of weighting, but attribution of relevance. >Relevance. Then the decision is not causally determined by the weights - but not every reason is always available to everyone - E.g. history of art: not every style was always available. >Art, >Style, >Artworks, >History, >Historiography. II 299 Action/self-subsumtion/Nozick: a decision may be self-subsuming: they can establish principles that govern not only the act but also the weighting itself. >Principles. This is not a repetition of the weighting - e.g. strategy: that the result is always the best - the decision to follow this strategy itself is an action that falls under the weighting that it attributes. >Self-reference, >Description levels, >Levels/order. II 300 The act of decision can also refer to itself. II 300 Decision/fulfillment model/Herbert Simons: (instead of optimization model): you choose an action that is good enough - if you don’t find one, you continue to look and reduce your expectations - the opnion of what is good enough changes. Optimization model: here the costs are also taken into account. >Bounded Optimality/Simons, >self-reference. a) looking among known alternatives b) devising new alternatives. II 304 Reflexive: a free decision is reflexive: it exists by virtue of the weights that are conferred on it by their own validity. >Validity, cf. >Validity claims. II 318f Action/decision/free will/knowledge/belief/Nozick: actions and decisions may be seen like beliefs and facts (covariance, connection to facts). >Covariance, >Facts. >ccordingly, methods can be weighed as well. II 321 Connection: consists in judgmental belief. >Values, >Beliefs._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
No I R. Nozick Philosophical Explanations Oxford 1981 No II R., Nozick The Nature of Rationality 1994 |
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