Economics Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Climate periods: Climate periods refer to distinct intervals in Earth's history characterized by relatively consistent climatic conditions. These periods, spanning thousands to millions of years, include ice ages, warm interglacial periods, and other climatic cycles. They are identified through geological evidence, such as ice cores, sediment layers, and fossil records, providing insights into the planet's long-term climate fluctuations. See also Climate change, Climate data._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Raphael Neukom on Climate Periods - Dictionary of Arguments
Neukom I 550 Climate Periods/Climate Epochs/Climate Change/Neukom: Since the formative period of modern Earth sciences in the 1800s, the complex history of Earth’s climate has been conceptualized through the construction of distinct climatic periods or epochs(1–7). Several terms for climatic epochs within the past 2,000 years have come into wide use. Most prominent among these is the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) (…). Over the past few decades, this term has been widely used in palaeoclimatology and historical climatology to indicate a nearly global, centuries-long cold climate state that occurred between roughly 1300 ad and 1850 ad(5,8). This period is often contrasted with the Mediaeval Warm Period, also known as the Mediaeval Climate Anomaly (MCA)(8–10), which is commonly associated with warm temperatures in 800–1200 ad. The first millennium of the Common Era has also been subdivided into the ‘Dark Ages Cold Period’ (DACP)(11,12), or ‘Late Antique Little Ice Age’ (LALIA)(13), which occurred within about 400–800 ad, and lastly the ‘Roman Warm Period’ (RWP)(12,14), which covers the first few centuries of the Common Era. We note that for all of these epochs, no consensus exists about their precise temporal extent. Each of these climatic epochs has its origin in pieces of palaeoclimatic evidence from the extratropical Northern Hemisphere, particularly Europe and North America(4,9–12). Climate epoch narratives were constructed to explain the early palaeoclimatic evidence, and later-developed time series from across the globe were situated within these narrative frameworks. This process probably created the expectation that Common Era climate epochs are global-scale phenomena. >Climate history/Neukom. Cf. >Emission permits, >Emission reduction credits, >Emission targets, >Emissions, >Emissions trading, >Climate change, >Climate damage, >Energy policy, >Clean Energy Standards, >Climate data, >Climate history, >Climate justice, >Climate periods, >Climate targets, >Climate impact research, >Carbon price, >Carbon price coordination, >Carbon price strategies, >Carbon tax, >Carbon tax strategies. 1. Köppen, W. & Wegener, A. Die Klimate der Geologischen Vorzeit (Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1924). 2. Matthes, F. E. Report of Committee on Glaciers, April 1939. Eos 20, 518–523 (1939). 3. Grove, J. M. The Little Ice Age (Methuen, 1988). 4. Matthews, J. A. & Briffa, K. R. The ‘little ice age’: re-evaluation of an evolving concept. Geogr. Ann. A 87, 17–36 (2005). 5. Masson-Delmotte, V. et al. in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Stocker, T. F. et al.) 383–464 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013). 6. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013). 7. Brückner, E. Klimaschwankungen seit 1700 nebst Bemerkungen über die Klimaschwankungen der Diluvialzeit (E. Hölzel, 1890). 8. Mann, M. E. et al. Global signatures and dynamical origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly. Science 326, 1256–1260 (2009). 9. Lamb, H. H. The early medieval warm epoch and its sequel. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 1, 13–37 (1965). 10. Bradley, R. S., Hughes, M. K. & Diaz, H. F. Climate in medieval time. Science 302, 404–405 (2003). 11. Helama, S., Jones, P. D. & Briffa, K. R. Dark Ages Cold Period: a literature review and directions for future research. Holocene 27, 1600–1606 (2017). 12. Ljungqvist, F. C. A new reconstruction of temperature variability in the extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere during the last two millennia. Geogr. Ann. A 92, 339–351 (2010). 13. Büntgen, U. et al. Cooling and societal change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age from 536 to around 660 AD. Nat. Geosci. 9, 231–236 (2016). 14. Röthlisberger, F. 10,000 Jahre Gletschergeschichte der Erde (Sauerländer, 1986). Raphael Neukom, Nathan Steiger, Juan José Gómez-Navarro, Jianghao Wang & Johannes P. Werner, 2019: “No evidence for globally coherent warm and cold periods over the preindustrial Common Era”. In: Nature, Vol. 571, pp. 550–554._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Neukom I Raphael Neukom No evidence for globally coherent warm and cold periods over the preindustrial Common Era 2019 |
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> Counter arguments in relation to Climate Periods
