Economics Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Superintelligence: Superintelligence refers to an artificial intelligence (AI) that surpasses human intelligence in aspects like problem-solving, creativity, and social skills. It denotes a hypothetical level of AI. See also Artificial Intelligence, Intelligence, Strong Artificial Intelligence, Human Level AI, Artificial Consciousness, Superhuman, Humans, Capabilities._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Nick Bostrom on Superintelligence - Dictionary of Arguments
I 61 Superintelligence/Bostrom: Biological enhancements: Compared with possible breakthroughs in machine intelligence, however, biological enhancements I 62 would be relatively slow and gradual. They would, at best, result in relatively weak forms of superintelligence (…). Brain–computer interfaces/Bostrom: look unlikely as a source of superintelligence. Networks/superintelligence: Improvements in networks and organizations might result in weakly superintelligent forms of collective intelligence in the long run; but more likely, they will play an enabling role similar to that of biological cognitive enhancement, gradually increasing humanity’s effective ability to solve intellectual problems. Forms: I 64 (1) Def Speed superintelligence/Bostrom: Speed superintelligence: A system that can do all that a human intellect can do, but much faster. Because of[ the] (…) time dilation of the material world, a speed superintelligence would prefer to work with digital objects. (…) it could interact with the physical environment by means of nanoscale manipulators, since limbs at such small scales could operate faster than macroscopic appendages. I 65 Def Collective superintelligence/Bostrom: A system composed of a large number of smaller intellects such that the system’s overall performance across many very general domains vastly outstrips that of any current cognitive system. Collective intelligence excels at solving problems that can be readily broken into parts such that solutions to sub-problems can be pursued in parallel and verified independently. I 66 A system’s collective intelligence could be enhanced by expanding the number or the quality of its constituent intellects, or by improving the quality of their organization. A new conference format that lets scholars exchange information more effectively, or a new collaborative information-filtering algorithm that better predicted users’ ratings of books and movies, would clearly not on its own amount to anything approaching collective superintelligence. I 67 (2) Collective superintelligence could be either a) loosely or b) tightly integrated. a) To illustrate a case of loosely integrated collective superintelligence, imagine a planet, MegaEarth, which has the same level of communication and coordination technologies that we currently have on the real Earth but with a population one million times as large. I 338 foot note Vs: A planet large enough (…) would implode, unless it were made of very light matter or were hollow (…). I 68 b) Tightly integrated: If we gradually increase the level of integration of a collective intelligence, it may eventually become a unified intellect—a single large “mind” as opposed to a mere assemblage of loosely interacting smaller human minds. I 338 foot note On some views of consciousness, such as the global workspace theory, it seems one might expect more integrated brains to have more capacious consciousness. Cf. Baars (1997)(1), Shanahan (2010)(2), and Schwitzgebel (2013)(3).) (3) Def Quality superintelligence/Bostrom: A system that is at least as fast as a human mind and vastly qualitatively smarter. I 338 foot note Even small groups of humans that have remained isolated for some time might still benefit from the intellectual outputs of a larger collective intelligence. For example, the language they use might have been developed by a much larger linguistic community, and the tools they use might have been invented in a much larger population before the small group became isolated. I 69 (…) normal human adults have a range of remarkable cognitive talents that are not simply a function of possessing a sufficient amount of general neural processing power or even a sufficient amount of general intelligence: specialized neural circuitry is also needed. This observation suggests the idea of possible but non-realized cognitive talents (…) I 70 Direct and indirect reach: a) Indirect reaches of superintelligence: Superintelligence in any of these forms could, over time, develop the technology necessary to create any of the others. The indirect reaches of these three forms. b) Direct reaches: (…) depend on the degree to which they instantiate their respective advantages—how fast a speed superintelligence is, how qualitatively superior a quality superintelligence is, and so forth. (…)quality superintelligence would be the most capable form of all, inasmuch as it could grasp and solve problems that are, for all practical purposes, beyond the direct reach of speed superintelligence and collective superintelligence. >Hardware/Bostrom, >Software/Bostrom. I 111 Anthropomorphism/BostromVsAnthropomorphism: It is important not to anthropomorphize superintelligence when thinking about its potential impacts. Anthropomorphic frames encourage unfounded expectations about the growth trajectory of a seed AI and about the psychology, motivations, and capabilities of a mature superintelligence. >Anthropomorphism/superintelligence/Yudkowsky. 1. Baars, Bernard J. 1997. In the Theater of Consciousness: The Workspace of the Mind. New York: Oxford University Press. 2. Shanahan, Murray. 2010. Embodiment and the Inner Life: Cognition and Consciousness in the Space of Possible Minds. New York: Oxford University Press. 3. Schwitzgebel, Eric. 2013. “If Materialism is True, the United States is Probably Conscious.” Working Paper, February 8._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Bostrom I Nick Bostrom Superintelligence. Paths, Dangers, Strategies Oxford: Oxford University Press 2017 |
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