Economics Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| de re, philosophy: statements that refer to non-linguistic objects are de re. Here, most authors assume that the ascribed properties are contingent. An exception is essentialism which ascribes certain necessary properties to objects. See also de dicto, necessity de re, contingency, modality, essentialism._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Jaakko Hintikka on de re - Dictionary of Arguments
II 98 W-Questions/who/what/where/Hintikka: thesis: W-questions are nothing but quantified phrases. >Quantification. II 99 Logical form: (1) John knows who the Prime Minister of Norway is. Analyzed as a that-construction: (2) (Ex) John knows that (the Prime Minister of Norway = x) (= de dicto) Problem: you have to specify the area of the individual that the variable "x" passes ((s) quotation marks by Hintikka). De re: (de re reading of (1)): (3) (Ex) (x = Prime Minister of Norway & (Ey) John knows that (x = y)) De re/de dicto/Hintikka: de re does not entail de dicto, i.e. (3) does not entail (2). ((s) Because otherwise omniscience follows again). >Logical omniscience. Knowledge/Hintikka: we do not have to analyze knowledge here as the relation to the alternatives, which picks out the same individual in each knowledge compatible possible world. HintikkaVsMontague: problem: all this does not work within the framework of Montague. Problem: in the natural extension of the Montague semantics, which we consider here, the following sentences are all valid: (4) (x)(Ey)(x = y) > (Ey)(y = x & (Ez) John knows that y = z))) II 100 Everyday Translation/Hintikka: John knows about every existing individual who it is (de re). (5) (x)(Ey)(John knows that (x = y)) > (Ey)(y = x & (Ez) Bill knows that (y = z)) Everyday-Language Translation/Hintikka: Bill knows of every individual whose identity is known to John, who this individual is (again de re). >Everyday language. Problem: both are extremely wrong. Non-Existence/Hintikka: however, this is unproblematic as long as we do not have to consider the possible non-existence of individuals in epistemically possible worlds. Hintikka: problem: this does not change the problem._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Hintikka I Jaakko Hintikka Merrill B. Hintikka Investigating Wittgenstein German Edition: Untersuchungen zu Wittgenstein Frankfurt 1996 Hintikka II Jaakko Hintikka Merrill B. Hintikka The Logic of Epistemology and the Epistemology of Logic Dordrecht 1989 |
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