Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Errors: An error is a deviation from accuracy or correctness. It can be a mistake in action, speech, or belief. Errors can be caused by human mistakes, computer faults, and incorrect measurement. See also Knoiwledge, Correctness, Confirmation, Falsification, Measurements, Observation, Certainty._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Peter Norvig on Errors - Dictionary of Arguments
Norvig I 710 Errors/Norvig/Russell: minimiz[ing] the error rate … is not the full story. E.g., It is worse to classify non-spam as spam (and thus potentially miss an important message) then to classify spam as non-spam (and thus suffer a few seconds of annoyance). So a classifier with a 1% error rate, where almost all the errors were classifying spam as non-spam, would be better than a classifier with only a 0.5% error rate, if most of those errors were classifying non-spam as spam. Artificial Intelligence: In machine learning it is traditional to express LOSS FUNCTION utilities by means of a loss function. The loss function L(x, y, ˆy) is defined as the amount of utility lost by predicting h(x)= ˆy when the correct answer is f(x)=y: L(x, y, ˆy) = Utility(result of using y given an input x) − Utility(result of using ˆy given an input x) >Learning theory/Norvig, >Learning/AI Research. Norvig I 757 Sometimes not all errors are equal. A loss function tells us how bad each error is; the goal is then to minimize loss over a validation set._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Norvig I Peter Norvig Stuart J. Russell Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach Upper Saddle River, NJ 2010 |
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