Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Functions: A function in mathematics is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of outputs, where each input is related to exactly one output. The set of inputs is called the domain of the function. Functions can be represented by formulas, graphs, or tables. For example, the function f(x) = x^2 is represented by the formula y = x^2, which takes any number as input and returns its square as output. The graph of this function is a parabola._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Michael Rutter on Functions - Dictionary of Arguments
Slater I 206 Functions/risks/Rutter: (Rutter 1987)(1): protective factors imply interactions or special roles when risk is high; in other words, these variables moderate risk in some way with differential effects that cannot be predicted simply from what may happen under low-risk conditions. There is a different or multiplicative effect under high- compared to low-risk conditions. Functions: e. g., antibodies and airbags play a much different role in the Slater I 207 situation of specific infection or an automobile crash, respectively, than they do in the course of everyday life when there is no impending threat. The normative expectable function of an attribute or experience also was important in distinguishing risks from assets or vulnerabilities from protections. Automobile crashes and child abuse, for example, could be viewed generally as risks, with expected negative consequences. Talents and mentors are generally viewed as assets or protective influences. Nonetheless, Rutter (1990)(2) and others (Masten et al., 1990)(3) would continue to stress the functional meaning of “risk” and “protective.” 1. Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316—331. 2. Rutter, M. (1990). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. In J. Rolf, A. S. Masten, D. Cicchetti, K. H. Nuechterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds), Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp. 181—214). New York: Cambridge University Press. 3. Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2,425—444. Ann S. Masten, “Resilience in Children. Vintage Rutter and Beyond”, in: Alan M. Slater and Paul C. Quinn (eds.) 2012. Developmental Psychology. Revisiting the Classic Studies. London: Sage Publications_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Rutter, Michael Slater I Alan M. Slater Paul C. Quinn Developmental Psychology. Revisiting the Classic Studies London 2012 |
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