Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Equivalence: Relation between sentences. It exists if both sides have the same truth value, so that they are both true or both false._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Bas van Fraassen on Equivalence - Dictionary of Arguments
I 45 Empirical equivalence: about empirical adequacy: there is a model so that all phenomena are identifiable with movements in the model (also historical, not perceived ones) - empirically equivalent: are two theories if they have both models that do that. >Models, >Phenomena, >Truth, >Adequacy. I 152 Relative equivalence/Fraassen: (relative to background knowledge): we recognize sodium because it has a) this spectrum b) this atomic structure. Asymmetry: the spectrum does not generate the atomic structure. However, there is equivalence. Yet, only one equivalence is relevant. >Asymmetry. Equivalent propositions are true in the same possible world. >Possible worlds. Nevertheless, we can say that some possible worlds are excluded (in which the proposition is irrelevant). Equivalence: has indistinguishability, due to the same set of possible worlds - solution: distinction by means of making it true - e.g. a) either it rains or it does not rain b) ...snows or does not snow. Difference: a) is made true by the fact that it rains, b) by the fact that it does not snow. Relevance of propositions depends on deeper relevances. >Relevance._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Fr I B. van Fraassen The Scientific Image Oxford 1980 |
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> Counter arguments in relation to Equivalence
