Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Play: in psychology, play refers to a range of voluntary, intrinsically motivated activities. Play is crucial for cognitive, physical, social, and emotional development. It helps in learning new skills, expressing creativity, understanding the world, and developing social connections. See also Creativity, Socialization, Social relations, Understanding, Learning, Cognition, Stages of Development. _____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Psychological Theories on Play (Psychology) - Dictionary of Arguments
Upton I 80 Play/Psychological theories/Upton: for many years it was accepted that [Mildred Parten’s] categories were developmental – children progressed from solo to more social play. Recent research suggests that this is far from the case. (See Play/Parten,; Parten (1932)(1). All of these types of play are seen in the preschooler: five year olds spend more time in solitary or parallel play Upton I 81 than in cooperative or associative play; and parallel play is as common at five years as it is at three years of age (Rubin et al., 1998)(2). Parallel play/VsParten: there is evidence that parallel play is not an immature form of play, but a sophisticated strategy for easing your way into an ongoing game; successful integration into cooperative play involves observation of others at play, followed by playing alongside before interacting with other players (Rubin et al., 1998)(2). Cognition: It has also been argued that this model is limited by neglecting the cognitive aspects of play (Bergen, 1988)(3). >Cognition, >Cognitive development, >Cognitive psychology. Activity types/VsParten: A more useful way of classifying play is to focus on the type of activity rather than the social aspects. Three main activity types emerge from this way of thinking: 1. Functional play: Physical activities such as bouncing a ball, or rough and tumble. 2. Constructive play: Building and making things, drawing or colouring. 3. Socio-dramatic play: Role-play or „let’s pretend’. VsParten: The different levels of social interaction described by Parten can be seen in each of these activity types Social play: All these activities are popular throughout early childhood; however, the social play that is seen most often in the preschool years is socio-dramatic play. Indeed, many experts in play consider this period of development the peak time for make-believe or fantasy play (Fein 1986)(4). >Play/Developmental psychology, >Roles, >Socialization, >Social identity, >Social behavior. 1. Parten, M.B. (1932) Social participation among pre-school children.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 27: 243–69. 2. Rubin, K.H., Bukowski, W. and Parker, J.G. (1998) Peer interactions, relationships, and groups, in Eisenberg, N (ed.) Handbook of Child Psychology, Vol. 3: Social, emotional, and personality development (6th edn). New York: Wiley. 3. Bergen, D. (1988) Stages of play development, in Bergen, D (ed.) Play as a Medium for Learning and Development. Portsmouth: Heinemann. 4. Fein, G.G. (1986) Pretend play, in Gorlitz, D. and Wohlwill, J.F. (eds) Curiosity, Imagination and Play. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Psychological Theories Upton I Penney Upton Developmental Psychology 2011 |
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