Psychology Dictionary of Arguments

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Holism: Holism is the assumption that the elements or the subject domain of a theory are accessible only with simultaneous availability of all elements or objects of this domain. It is also assumed that a change to an element does not exclude changes to all other elements at least. The statement "everything is connected with everything" is however a wrong characterization of the holism, since it is logically erroneous.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Ruth Millikan on Holism - Dictionary of Arguments

I 11
Holism/MillikanVsHolism: Let's try to get around it. Then we will understand why, despite everything, we still know something about the world.
Realism/Millikan: I remain close to Aristotelian realism.
Properties/Kind/Millikan: properties exist only in the actual world (our real world).
MillikanVsNominalism.
>Realism
, >Nominalism.
I 318
Holism/Theory/Observation/Term/Dependency/MillikanVsHolism/Millikan: the view that we observe most of the things we observe only by observing indirect effects is wrong.
>Observation.
In any case, we only observe effects of things, namely on our sensory organs.
>Effects, >Causality.
I 319
Difference: it is about the difference between information acquisition through knowledge of effects on other observed things and the information acquisition without such intermediary knowledge of other things.
Problem: here a mistake easily arises: this knowledge does not have to be used at all.

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.

Millikan I
R. G. Millikan
Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories: New Foundations for Realism Cambridge 1987

Millikan II
Ruth Millikan
"Varieties of Purposive Behavior", in: Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals, R. W. Mitchell, N. S. Thomspon and H. L. Miles (Eds.) Albany 1997, pp. 189-1967
In
Der Geist der Tiere, D Perler/M. Wild, Frankfurt/M. 2005


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