Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Knowledge: Knowledge is the awareness or understanding of something. It can be acquired through experience, or education. Knowledge can be factual, procedural, or conceptual. See also Propositional knowledge, Knowledge how._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Marvin Minsky on Knowledge - Dictionary of Arguments
Minsky I 72 Knowledge/Minsky: To be considered an expert, one needs a large amount of knowledge of only a relatively few varieties. In contrast, an ordinary person's common sense involves a much larger variety of different types of knowledge — and this requires more complicated management systems. There is a simple reason why it is easier to acquire specialized knowledge than commonsense knowledge. Each type of knowledge needs some form of representation and a body of skills adapted to using that style of representation. Once that investment has been made, it is relatively easy for a specialist to accumulate further knowledge, provided the additional expertise is uniform enough to suit the same style of representation. I 124 Knowledge/accumulation/Minsky: Uniframing doesn't always work. We often try to make an everyday idea precise - but just can't find much unity. Then, we can only accumulate collections of examples. (Def Uniframe/Minsky: a description constructed to apply to several different things at once.) >Terminology/Minsky. Most likely, different parts of our brains have evolved to use both kinds of strategies. Accumulations need not take longer to manipulate if all the examples can be handled at the same time, by separate agents that don't interfere with one another. But once those processes begin to need each other's help, the whole society's efficiency will decline rapidly. >Society of Minds/Minsky. I 125 On the surface, it might seem easier to make accumulations than to make uniframes - but choosing what to accumulate may require deeper insight. Classification/learning: Our various motives and concerns are likely to require incompatible ways to classify things. I 126 Unity: Accumulations rarely seem quite satisfactory because we feel ideas should have more unity. We wouldn't have a word for chair or arch or currency if they meant nothing more than lists of unrelated things. Many good ideas are really two ideas in one — which form a bridge between two realms of thought or different points of view. Rationality/means/ends/Minsky: Our different worlds of ends and means don't usually match up very well. So when we find a useful, compact uniframe in one such world, it often corresponds to an accumulation in our other worlds. >Classification, >Rules/Minsky._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Minsky I Marvin Minsky The Society of Mind New York 1985 Minsky II Marvin Minsky Semantic Information Processing Cambridge, MA 2003 |
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