Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Selection: Selection in evolution theory is the process by which organisms with beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to their offspring. This process leads to changes in the population over time. See also Evolution, Darwinism, Mutation, Fitness, Survival._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Stuart Kauffman on Selection - Dictionary of Arguments
Dennett I 550 Scientific camp: KauffmanVsSpencer: Stuart Kauffman: Order is created despite (environmental) selection. >H. Spencer, >Order/Kauffman. - - - Kauffman I 46 Order/Biology/Kauffman: Order in the biosphere cannot be traced back to selection and self-organization at the same time! >Selection, >Self-organization. Life/Kauffman: life exists at the edge of chaos, possibly near some kind of phase transition. >Life/Kauffman. Kauffman I 229 Fitness landscape/Kauffman:"adaptive landscape". (see also Dennett: fitness landscape.) Thesis: Life is an adventure in the high mountains of the fitness landscape. Order/Kauffman: Thesis: also possible without selection. Today we need a new theoretical framework model. >Order/Kauffman. Kauffman I 233 Selection/Kauffman: it is not proven that the selection can also successfully accumulate the minor improvements. Smaller catastrophes can also accumulate in a population. (>Error catastrophe). Kauffman I 234 Evolution/Kauffman: Example of computer programs that are to perform an operation. Serial programs are extremely sensitive and accumulate errors. It takes more time than the age of the universe to find the "optimal program" among 10300. So the evolution of our lives must have been different. >Evolution, >Evolution/Kauffman. Kauffman I 238 Evolution/Optimization/Kauffman: Solution: perhaps evolution could first design a redundant program or organism and then compress it? Kauffman I 240 Kauffman: I guess this does not work. The gradual approach to the minimum length program is only useful if the program found at each level helps to find the program that is 1 shorter by the next level. Kauffman I 246 Evolution/Darwin/Selection/Kauffman: if the children of both parents are similar, the characteristics must not merge, otherwise the genetic variation would disappear after a few generations and the selection would no longer have an object. Solution: Mendelian inheritance: both forms appear again in the grandchildren. Question: Assuming that a gene in a population would have two alleles, can the selection increase the frequency of one allele? Yes! However, it depends on the structure of the fitness landscape. Kauffman I 248 Selection/Kauffman: our models of fitness landscapes show the limits of natural selection. (Local maximum represent end stations.) Kauffman I 253 Evolution/Kauffman: requires fitness landscapes that are not random. Probably favourable landscapes are created by self-organization. >Models/Kauffman._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Kau II Stuart Kauffman At Home in the Universe: The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity New York 1995 Kauffman I St. Kauffman At Home in the Universe, New York 1995 German Edition: Der Öltropfen im Wasser. Chaos, Komplexität, Selbstorganisation in Natur und Gesellschaft München 1998 Dennett I D. Dennett Darwin’s Dangerous Idea, New York 1995 German Edition: Darwins gefährliches Erbe Hamburg 1997 Dennett II D. Dennett Kinds of Minds, New York 1996 German Edition: Spielarten des Geistes Gütersloh 1999 Dennett III Daniel Dennett "COG: Steps towards consciousness in robots" In Bewusstein, Thomas Metzinger, Paderborn/München/Wien/Zürich 1996 Dennett IV Daniel Dennett "Animal Consciousness. What Matters and Why?", in: D. C. Dennett, Brainchildren. Essays on Designing Minds, Cambridge/MA 1998, pp. 337-350 In Der Geist der Tiere, D Perler/M. Wild, Frankfurt/M. 2005 Kauffman I St. Kauffman At Home in the Universe, New York 1995 German Edition: Der Öltropfen im Wasser. Chaos, Komplexität, Selbstorganisation in Natur und Gesellschaft München 1998 |
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