Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Arguments: Arguments in philosophy are structured presentations of reasons or evidence to support or challenge a claim. They involve premises leading to a conclusion, aiming for rational persuasion and logical coherence. See also Argumentation, Discourse, Coherence._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Stephen E. Toulmin on Arguments - Dictionary of Arguments
Habermas III 48 Argument/Toulmin/Habermas: According to Toulmin(1), arguments have the following elements: 1. a problematic statement for which a claim of validity is made (conclusion) 2. the reason (ground) with which this claim is to be established. 3. the ground is won (warrant) by means of a rule (a final rule, a principle, a law, etc.). 4. This is based on evidence of various kinds (backing). If necessary, the validity claim must be modified or restricted (modifyer). >Validity claims, >Reasons, >Rules, >Principles. Habermas III 49 The well-known disciplines of the Aristotelian canon correspond to this: rhetoric deals with argumentation as a process, dialectics with pragmatic procedures and logic with their products. >Aristotle. III 50 Habermas: it turns out, however, that the separation cannot be maintained. (HabermasVsKlein, Wolfgang, See W. Klein, Argumentation and Argument in. Z. f. Litwiss. U. Ling. H, 38/39,1980, p. 9ff). 1.St. Toulmin, R. Rieke, A. Janik, An Introduction to Reasoning, N.Y. 1979, p. 106_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Toulmin I St. Toulmin The Uses of Argument Cambridge 2003 Ha I J. Habermas Der philosophische Diskurs der Moderne Frankfurt 1988 Ha III Jürgen Habermas Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Bd. I Frankfurt/M. 1981 Ha IV Jürgen Habermas Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Bd. II Frankfurt/M. 1981 |
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