Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Serge Moscovici: Serge Moscovici (1925-2014), Romanian-French social psychologist. His major works include La Psychanalyse, son image et son public (1961), La Société contre nature Eléments pour une histoire de la représentation sociale de la psychanalyse (1972), and Psychologie sociale (1976). His fields of specialization were social representations, group thought social change, social psychology, and history of psychology._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Psychological Theories on Moscovici - Dictionary of Arguments
Haslam I 101 Moscovici/psychological theories: the afterimage studies by Moscovici and Personnaz (1980)(1) was criticized for several reasons. >Experiment/Moscovici, >Social influence/Moscovici, >Minorites/Moscovici, >Conversion theory/Moscovici. 1. VsMoscovici: Machteld Doms and Eddy Van Avermaet (1980)(2) found afterimage shifts towards the complementary colour of green for both a majority and minority. These researchers also included a ‘no information’ condition in which the confederate called the slides ‘green’ but no feedback (percentage) information was given (i.e., the confederate’s responses were not linked to a majority or minority position). Interestingly, there was no shift in afterimages across the phases in the no-information condition. Explanation/Doms/Avermaet: the shifts might be part of a general tendency to pay closer attention to stimuli when a response is unexpected or unusual. Haslam I 102 2. VsMoscovici: Richard Sorrentino and colleagues (1980)(3) examined only minority influence. After their study they asked participants to rate how suspicious they were of the experimental procedure. Interestingly, they found afterimage shifts towards the complementary colour of green only for those participants who were highly suspicious of the experiment (see also Martin, 1998)(4). Explanation/Sorrentino: highly suspicious participants may stare more intensely at the stimulus than unsuspicious participants do, and that the shift in afterimages may be due to this greater attention to the stimulus. 3. VsMoscovici: Martin (1998(4), 1995(5)) draw attention to the fact that all the afterimage studies analyse changes in the overall afterimage response between each phase of the experiment but do not examine changes within each phase. Across five afterimage experiments, Martin (1998)(4) found a significant within-phase shift in afterimage judgments in all the phases (see also Laurens and Moscovici, 2005)(5), an effect that was more pronounced for participants who reported being suspicious of the study. This effect indicated that participants’ afterimage judgments shifted towards the complementary colour of green (i.e., red) over progressive trials within each phase of the experiment (see also Laurens and Moscovici, 2005)(5). Explanation/Martin: it may be due to a perceptual phenomenon that arises from repeated exposure to the same stimulus in the context of afterimage methodology. Haslam I 103 4. VsMoscivoci: Sorrentino and his colleagues (1980)(3) have criticized the afterimage judgment scale employed by Moscovici and Personnaz (1980)(1) in terms of the labels it employed (see also Laurens, 2001)(5). In their variant, they instead asked participants to select a coloured chip that best matched the colour they saw. No evidence of conversion due to minority influence was found with this method. Criteria/manifest/latent reponses: Martin and Hewstone (2001)(6) identified three important criteria that need to be satisfied in order to establish manifest and latent responses: 1) There needs to be a link between the manifest and latent response dimension, such that Haslam I 104 change on the manifest response results in a corresponding change in the latent response (manifest–latent correspondence). 2) The relationship between the manifest and latent response should be consistent and insensitive to situational factors (manifest–latent consistency). 3) Participants should not be aware of the link between the manifest and latent responses, and ideally they should use different response codes (manifest–latent perceived independence). 1. Moscovici, S. and Personnaz, B. (1980) ‘Studies in social influence: V. Minority influence and conversion behavior in a perceptual task’, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16: 270–82. 2. Doms, M. and Van Avermaet, E. (1980) ‘Majority influence, minority influence and conversion behavior: A replication’, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16: 283–92. 3. Sorrentino, R.M., King, G. and Leo, G. (1980) ‘The influence of the minority on perception: A note on a possible alternative explanation’, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16: 293–301. 4. Martin, R. (1998) ‘Majority and minority influence using the afterimage paradigm: A series of attempted replications’, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34: 1–26. 5. Laurens, S. and Moscovici, S. (2005) ‘The confederate’s and others’ self-conversion: A neglected phenomenon’, Journal of Social Psychology, 145: 191–207. 6. Martin, R. and Hewstone, M. (2008) ‘Majority versus minority influence, message processing and attitude change: The Source-Context-Elaboration Model’, in M. Zanna (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 40: 237–326. Robin Martin and Miles Hewstone, “Minority Influence. Revisiting Moscovici’s blue-green afterimage studies”, in: Joanne R. Smith and S. Alexander Haslam (eds.) 2017. Social Psychology. Revisiting the Classic Studies. London: Sage Publications_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Psychological Theories Haslam I S. Alexander Haslam Joanne R. Smith Social Psychology. Revisiting the Classic Studies London 2017 |
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