Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| State: In political philosophy, the state (polity) is a centralized political organization with authority over a defined territory and population. It enforces laws, maintains order, and exercises governance through various institutions. See also Society, Nations, Governance, Institutions, Power, Law, Laws, Rights, Jurisdiction, Legislation._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Marsilius of Padua on State (Polity) - Dictionary of Arguments
Höffe I 177 State/Marsilius/Höffe: VsTwo-Kingdom-Doctrine: In a clarity and sharpness that was unknown before, (...) Marsilius not only rejects the Pope's multiple abuse of power, but far more fundamentally all his worldly claims to power and the doctrine of the two kingdoms that underlies them. Two-Kingdom-Doctrine: More than eight centuries [before Marsilius' Defensor pacis, 1324] Pope Gelasius I distinguished in his doctrine of two powers the spiritual from the worldly authority and claimed for himself as pope the primacy that no ruler conscious of himself and his office can recognize. Consequently, neither in political theory nor in political practice a coexistence free of competition and conflicts can be expected, at least a coexistence that is free of conflicts. Marsilius: The corresponding conflict especially between Ludwig of Bavaria and Pope Gregory VII will dominate Marsilius' life and thinking. Although Marsilius is no clergyman, nor does he defend papal claims, but rather rejects them to a large extent, (...) Höffe: (...) and although he deliberately renounces theological arguments in the justification of a political community, he is wise enough, to allude Höffe I 178 in the title of his writing to a name of honour, to Christ, to the Prince of Peace (princeps pacis). Community/MarsiliusVsAristotle: according to Aristotle, the community [is] ultimately [concerned with] the good life, whereas according to Marsilius, here in the Augustinian tradition, which is already indicated by the title [defensor pacis, defender of peace], it is peace that counts. >Governance/Marsilius. Höffe I 180 Form of State/Marsilius/ Höffe: Only in a monarchy can law be effectively enforced - for Marsilius, again with Aristotle, the rule of laws is more important than that of persons - and peace can be maintained. Similar to al-Farabi and Thomas Aquinas, Marsilius, however, advocates an elective monarchy without succession(1). For it allows to determine the best regent in each case, namely one who is distinguished by prudence and moral virtues, especially justice(2). Cf. >Governance/al-Farabi, >Governance/Thomas Aquinas, >State/al-Farabi. 1. Marsilius. Defensor pacis, Chap. 9 and 15—16 2. Ibid. Chap. 14, § 10_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Marsilius of Padua Höffe I Otfried Höffe Geschichte des politischen Denkens München 2016 |
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> Counter arguments against Marsilius of Padua
> Counter arguments in relation to State (Polity)
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-25