Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Correlation: Correlation in physics is a measure of the relationship between two or more physical quantities. It can be used to describe how two quantities are related to each other in space, time, or both. This involves observing what changes in one measurand when another measurand is changed. See also Measurments, Observation._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Gerhard Schurz on Correlation - Dictionary of Arguments
I 126 Correlation: is qualitative. Covariance: is the corresponding quantitative measure of correlation. Covariance between characteristics: Cov (A,K) = p(A u K) - p(K) times p(A). Covariance is numerically symmetric, i.e., Cov (A,K) = Cov(K,A). Correlation measure: on the other hand, is only qualitatively symmetric, i.e., Corr (A,K) > (<) 0, iff. Corr (K,A) > (<) 0. I 126 The correlation measure is usually not determined for individual characteristics but for the variables as a whole. Recently: Def Effect Strength/Statistics/Schurz: is a statistical correlation measure defined for individual characteristics. It assumes a binary antecedent variable A, ~A, and an arbitrarily scaled consequence characteristic, and is defined as the difference between the K mean in the A population and in the total population, divided by the K dispersion. Scale invariance: because effect size is scale-independent, it is popular in meta-analyses. Cf. >Covariance. I 146 Correlation/causality/statistics/Schurz: from high correlation one cannot conclude the existence of causality and also not the direction, if causality should be given. Correlation: is symmetrical, causality: asymmetrical. Hidden variables: that correlation exists without causality may be due to hidden variables. Ex. common cause. >Hidden variables. VsHume/(s): this one had temporal sequence assumed as condition or criterion of even substitute for causality). Ex Barometer: but its case is always temporally prior to the storm, without ever being the cause. Solution: common cause. >Causality, >Cause, >Causal relation, >Causal explanation. I 147 Common cause/correlation/Reichenbach/Schurz: solution: if the correlation of A and B is due to the common cause C, then the correlation A B must disappear with the values of the variable C held fixed. ("screening"). I 148 Shielding: direct causes shield indirect ones._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Schu I G. Schurz Einführung in die Wissenschaftstheorie Darmstadt 2006 |
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> Counter arguments against Schurz
> Counter arguments in relation to Correlation
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-24