Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Knowledge: Knowledge is the awareness or understanding of something. It can be acquired through experience, or education. Knowledge can be factual, procedural, or conceptual. See also Propositional knowledge, Knowledge how._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Alvin Goldman on Knowledge - Dictionary of Arguments
II 149/150 Alvin Goldman/knowledge/BrandomVsGoldman: Goldman's theory paved the way for the reliability theories, but it is a two-edged sword with regard to naturalized epistemology. >Epistemology naturalized, >Reliability theory. For his example, it is important that we assume that the causal chain is an ideal one. II 151-155 For example barn facades: one can imagine the facades of the province as embedded in a country with real barns, this in turn embedded in a state with facades, embedded in a continent with real facades, these on a planet with facades, this in turn embedded in a planet system with real barns and so on. Whether it is about knowledge when seeing a real barn, is then completely dependent on the choice of the reference class. The closest reference class is then highly reliable. There is much to be said against genuine knowledge. This reveals the inadequacy of classical internalism of justification. But e.g. twin earth/Brandom: a modern internalist could claim that the "internal states" are the same. All they have in common is that the subject cannot keep them apart. >Internalism, >Externalism, >Twin Earth. McDowell: but this fact does not have to be considered sufficient to identify their contents! >Content, >Identification. Goldman/Brandom: overall, the presence of barn façades in the area is causally irrelevant. II 152 Barn facades/Goldman: the candidate is not a reliable perceiver of barns. Brandom: the special thing about this case is that the circumstances are external. >Circumstances . BrandomVsGoldman: "Goldman's insight", however, does not support the naturalized epistemology because the knowledge is completely dependent on the choice of the reference class. An argument place therefore remains empty. >Knowledge, >Causal theory of knowledge. It depends on how we describe the convinced: as a member of the country, of the federal state, etc. And that would be precisely the naturalistically formulated facts. They then lead to different judgments about the reliability of the observer. Brandom: situations like those of the example can quite possibly arise. From this follows the: definition "blind spot" of the reliability theories/Brandom: whether or not an observer is reliable is dependent on the choice of reference classes (barn province), and thus on external circumstances which have nothing to do with the observed object. >Reference classes, >Blind spot._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Gold I Alvin I. Goldman Reliabilism and Contemporary Epistemology: Essays Oxford 2015 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-20