Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Falsification: Falsification is an experimental or logical refutation of a general or a specific statement. Depending on the nature of the statement, there are differences in terms of whether a single counterexample is sufficient for a falsification, or a certain ratio of positive and negative cases is crucial. See also verification, verificationism, confirmation, Bayesianism, probability, hypotheses, theories._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Gerhard Schurz on Falsification - Dictionary of Arguments
I 92 Notation: II- : "follows logically". Explanation scheme/logical form/explanation/Schurz: strict all proposition & singular proposition II- singular proposition. All A are K and a is A II- a is K. Falsification scheme/falsification/logical form/Schurz: FS I: singular proposition falsifies strict universal sentence. singular sentence II- negation of strict universal sentence a is A and not K II- not all A are K FS II: existence sentence falsifies strict all proposition There is an A that is not a K II- not all A are K. >Universal sentence. I 98 Def Verifiability/Schurz: A hypothesis H is verifiable iff there is a finite and consistent set B of observation propositions from which H follows logically. This means only possible (actual) verifiability. >Verification, >Actuality, >Hypotheses, >Confirmation. Def Falsifiability/Schurz: H is falsifiable iff there is a finite consistent set B of observation propositions, from which the negation of H follows logically. This means only possible falsifiability (actual). Def Confirmability/Schurz: (resp. weakenable) is hypothesis H if there is a finitely consistent set B of observation propositions, which hears resp. degrades the validity resp. plausibility of H. Falsification/Asymmetry/Popper: Falsification is restricted to strict spatiotemporally unrestricted empirical all-hypotheses. Dual to this, unrestricted existence propositions Ex "There is a white raven" are verifiable, but not falsifiable. I 99 Spatiotemporally restricted hypotheses: are in principle verifiable and falsifiable by observing the finitely many individuals of a domain. Verifiability: no unrestricted generalization and no theoretical theorem is verifiable. Allexistence theorem/statistical generalization: not verifiable also not falsifiable because they do not imply observation theorems. Theories/falsification: neither whole theories nor single theoretical hypotheses are falsifiable. Even if they are strictly general. And this is because of holism. >Holism._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Schu I G. Schurz Einführung in die Wissenschaftstheorie Darmstadt 2006 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-20