Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Word classes: Word classes, also called parts of speech, are categories into which words are divided based on their function in a sentence. The basic word classes include verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs. Each class has specific characteristics and is used for different purposes in grammar and sentence structure. See also grammar, syntax, semantics, words, language._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Peter Gärdenfors on Word Classes - Dictionary of Arguments
I 115 Word classes/Gärdenfors: in all languages, words can be grouped into classes with different semantic and syntactic functions. In English usually in eight classes: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections. --- I 116 Definition word class/linguistics: class of words with the same syntactic properties, in particular, inflection and localization in sentences. (Croft, 2001).(1) Communication: that verbs, nouns, and adjectives can be identified in almost all languages, suggests that general patterns of human cognition make a division into these classes useful. (Dixon, 2004)(2). Communication/Gärdenfors: its structure is subject to the same restrictions as thinking and problem solving. --- I 231 Word classes/Gärdenfors: are almost exclusively syntactically determined. GärdenforsVsTradition: I believe that syntactic markers are an effect, not the cause of the division of words into classes. There are cognitive and communicative restrictions on how words are grouped. (See also Langacker (1991b)(3) for a similar approach.) --- I 239 Word classes/Conceptual Space/Areas/Gärdenfors: Thesis: Words in all content word classes, except nouns, refer to a single area. 1. Croft, W. (2001). Radical construction grammar: Syntactic theory in typological perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2. Dixon, R. M. W. (2004). Adjective Classes in typological perspective. In R. M. W. Dixon & A. Y. Aikhenvald (Eds.) Adjective classes: A cross-linguistic typology (pp. 1-49) Oxford. 3. Langacker, R. W. (1991b). Concept, image, symbol. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Gä I P. Gärdenfors The Geometry of Meaning Cambridge 2014 |
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> Counter arguments against Gärdenfors
> Counter arguments in relation to Word Classes
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-19