Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Analysis: An Analysis is an examination of a subject by breaking it down into its components._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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John Lyons on Analysis - Dictionary of Arguments
I 130 Def Prosodic Analysis/Linguistics/Lyons: this is a third phonological theory (Firth) particularly suitable for Turkish. Thesis: The phoneme plays no role at all, neither as the smallest unit of description, nor as a distinctive characteristic. Cf. >Phonemes. I 131 Vocal harmony/Turkish: the eight vowels of Turkish can be described by three articulatory oppositions: high/low - front/back - rounded/not rounded. The vocal harmony is effective in Turkish throughout the entire word. ((s) Example ev-ler/dat-lar). I 134 Prosodic Analysis/Lyons: is multidimensional: (not one-dimensional sequence of phonemes) but several layers of prosodia are superimposed and effective over areas of different lengths. (syllables, words, even phrases and sentences). Phonemics/Lyons: (classical orthodox American) thesis: phonological analysis should precede and be independent of grammatical analysis. VsPhonemics: Today: almost all Vs: that is unnecessarily rigid. I 135 The occurrence of words depends on their grammatical function (as nouns, verbs, etc.) and their meaning. Phonology/Function/Lyons: often very different phonological contrasts are important for different grammatical classes. I 135 Def Grammatical function/Lyons: a word functions as noun, verb, adjective, etc. >Grammar. I 161 Analysis/Grammar/Lyons: a body of utterances can only be described if it is considered a sample of the sentences generated by the grammar. Therefore, there is no contradiction between generative and descriptive grammar. >Generative Grammar. Synthesis/Grammar/Lyons: here a lexicon will be useful, in which you can easily find the corresponding units for a word class symbol, e.g. N {man, boy, chimpanzee....} >Lexicon, >Synthesis. Analysis/Lexicon: here the lexicon should be arranged completely differently; namely alphabetically! I 162 For example, there are many English words ending in -ness. Therefore, one could establish a formula for the derivation: Ax + ness = Ny. "Every word consisting of an element of the word class Ax and -ness is an element of the word class Ny". Then all words that can be derived in this way can be deleted from the lexicon. Synthesis: Problem: here we have to decide which adjectives belong to the Ax class: I 163 Example "trueness" and "strongness" in addition to "truth" and "strength"?. Grammar/Analysis/Synthesis/Lyons: that grammar is neutral between analysis and synthesis does not mean that analysis is simply the inversion of synthesis. There is not simply a computer program that proceeds in one case "from top to bottom" (from grammar to lexicon) and in the other case "from bottom to top". Both in production and in recognition (for listeners and speakers) I 164 feedback is important._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Ly II John Lyons Semantics Cambridge, MA 1977 Lyons I John Lyons Introduction to Theoretical Lingustics, Cambridge/MA 1968 German Edition: Einführung in die moderne Linguistik München 1995 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-18