Dictionary of Arguments


Philosophical and Scientific Issues in Dispute
 
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Democracy Lippmann Pariser I 58
Democracy/Information/Media/Lippmann/Pariser: Walter Lippmann: Everything the harshest critics of democracy have claimed is true unless there is a steady supply of trustworthy and relevant news. Incompetence and aimlessness, corruption and disloyalty, panic and disaster arise where people are denied access to the facts.(1)
Pariser I 62
Lippmann: 1920: The crisis of Western democracy is a crisis of journalism. (2)
Pariser I 65
Lippmann describes how the media was to be harnessed after World War I: he quoted a newspaper editor: "Governments called public opinion to war service ... It had to march at goose step. It had to stand at attention and salute." (3) Lippmann thesis: public opinion was too malleable - people were easily manipulated and influenced by false information. In 1925, Lippmann wrote "The Phantom Public," an attempt to dismantle the illusion of a reasonable, informed public once and for all.
Information/democracy/Lippmann: Thesis: it is an illusion to assume that informed citizens are capable of judging the major current issues of the day. Such "omnicompetent" citizens simply do not exist. At best, ordinary citizens could be trusted to vote out a party that is doing too badly. The actual work of governing should be entrusted to experts.(4)
DeweyVsLippmann: The promise of democracy, he said, is to be able to learn to be human - to develop an effective awareness of being an individually distinctive member of a community through the give and take of communication. That, he said, must not be abandoned. Journalists and newspapers could play a crucial role in breaking open the closed institutions of the 1920s. (5)
>Newspapers, >Democracy, >Public Sphere, >Manipulation, >Institutions.

1. Walter Lippmann, Liberty and the News, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1920, S. 6.
2. Ibid. p. 64
3. Ibid. p. 4
4. Walter Lippmann, The Phantom Public, New York 1925. 5. John Dewey, Essays, Reviews and Miscellany, 1939 –1941, The Later Works of John Dewey, 1925 –1953, vol. 2, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998, S. 332.

PolLippm I
Walter Lippmann
The Phantom Public New York 1993


Pariser I
Eli Pariser
The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We Think London 2012


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