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The author or concept searched is found in the following 6 entries.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
Entry |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Evolution | Kauffman | Dennett I 303 Self-organization/Evolution/Kauffman/Dennett: main representative: By means of simulation, we are now able to simulate complex evolutionary scenarios and recognize principles that remained unknown to Darwin. >Simulation. Order/Evolution/Dennett: not every order offers the possibility of evolution or selection: e. g. variations of Conway's "Game of Life". Self-organization/Kauffman: it is not only probable, but almost certain that the evolutionary ability itself undergoes an evolution, it develops because it is a forced move in the design game. >Self-organization. Either you find the path that leads to evolutionary capacity, or you don't get anywhere, but finding that path is not a tour de force, it's obvious. It should be surprisingly simple. Dennett I 306 Self-organization/Kauffman/Dennett: Kauffman's laws are not those of form, but of design, the compulsions of meta technology. >Laws, >Laws of nature. --- Kauffman I 30 Evolution/Kauffman's thesis: if the record of life were to be replayed, then the individual branches in the family tree of life might look different, but the patterns of the branches, which at first diverge greatly and then become more and more detailed, probably follow a deeper regularity. >Levels/order, >Description Levels. Evolution may also be a historical process, but it ran regularly at the same time. The phenomena of species formation and extinction most likely reflect the spontaneous dynamics of a community of species. >Species, >Species/Kauffman, >Species/Mayr. |
Kau II Stuart Kauffman At Home in the Universe: The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity New York 1995 Kauffman I St. Kauffman At Home in the Universe, New York 1995 German Edition: Der Öltropfen im Wasser. Chaos, Komplexität, Selbstorganisation in Natur und Gesellschaft München 1998 Dennett I D. Dennett Darwin’s Dangerous Idea, New York 1995 German Edition: Darwins gefährliches Erbe Hamburg 1997 Dennett II D. Dennett Kinds of Minds, New York 1996 German Edition: Spielarten des Geistes Gütersloh 1999 Dennett III Daniel Dennett "COG: Steps towards consciousness in robots" In Bewusstein, Thomas Metzinger Paderborn/München/Wien/Zürich 1996 Dennett IV Daniel Dennett "Animal Consciousness. What Matters and Why?", in: D. C. Dennett, Brainchildren. Essays on Designing Minds, Cambridge/MA 1998, pp. 337-350 In Der Geist der Tiere, D Perler/M. Wild Frankfurt/M. 2005 |
| Functional Explanation | Dennett | Lanz I 300 Dennett/Lanz: functional analysis makes an optimality condition. (The machine uses its energy to carry out its tasks). Intentional analysis is similar: the agent is rational: he has goals that he should have because of his constitution and his place in the world. He also has opinions that he should have. Thus, only the physicalist, causal explanation remains. So if one asks, what are the relevant causal factors for the educated behavior which can either be explained functionally or intentionally depending on interest and complexity of the behavior, then only the physical explanation provides information. It follows that it is an illusion to believe that intentional states are in turn causes of other mental states and causes of action. Psychological characterizations are merely heuristic and no naturalistic descriptions. (DennettVsEveryday Psychology). >Folk Psychology. Dennett I 276 Function/causality/Dennett: Problem: did the first nucleotides have a function or simply causal powers? Did the clay crystals (Cairns-Smith) possess real teleological properties or just "something like" teleological properties? Function/Game of Life/Dennett: Do the gliders have the "function" of movement or do they just move easily? Dennett I 301 Function/function analysis/Dennett: a now present form has always emerged from a process. Therefore it is accessible to the functional analysis. Fodor/Dennett: the requirement that an organism works smoothly at any stage imposes iron restriction on its subsequent properties. A functional analysis is complete only when it confirms that a construction method was established. Cf. >Functionalism, >Functional role, >Functions, >Intentionality. |
Dennett I D. Dennett Darwin’s Dangerous Idea, New York 1995 German Edition: Darwins gefährliches Erbe Hamburg 1997 Dennett II D. Dennett Kinds of Minds, New York 1996 German Edition: Spielarten des Geistes Gütersloh 1999 Dennett III Daniel Dennett "COG: Steps towards consciousness in robots" In Bewusstein, Thomas Metzinger Paderborn/München/Wien/Zürich 1996 Dennett IV Daniel Dennett "Animal Consciousness. What Matters and Why?", in: D. C. Dennett, Brainchildren. Essays on Designing Minds, Cambridge/MA 1998, pp. 337-350 In Der Geist der Tiere, D Perler/M. Wild Frankfurt/M. 2005 Lanz I Peter Lanz Vom Begriff des Geistes zur Neurophilosophie In Philosophie im 20. Jahrhundert, A. Hügli/P. Lübcke Reinbek 1993 |
| Functions | Dennett | I 276 Function/causality/Dennett: having causal powers is not yet a function. Question: whether the first nucleotides already had a function - Function: more than causality - question: do the "gliders" in the "Game of Life" have a function or do they just move? >Game of life/Conway. I 575 Meaning/function/Dennett: Vending machine and communication of the frog eye derive their meaning from the function. Where the function returns no answer, there is nothing left to investigate - the meanings of people are just as derived as the meanings of the vending machine - that proves the example of the twin earth - otherwise one must postulate essentialism. PutnamVsDennett: Meaning has more to do with reference than with function. Function does not allocate a correct causal role to meaning. >Causality, >Causal roles. |
Dennett I D. Dennett Darwin’s Dangerous Idea, New York 1995 German Edition: Darwins gefährliches Erbe Hamburg 1997 Dennett II D. Dennett Kinds of Minds, New York 1996 German Edition: Spielarten des Geistes Gütersloh 1999 Dennett III Daniel Dennett "COG: Steps towards consciousness in robots" In Bewusstein, Thomas Metzinger Paderborn/München/Wien/Zürich 1996 Dennett IV Daniel Dennett "Animal Consciousness. What Matters and Why?", in: D. C. Dennett, Brainchildren. Essays on Designing Minds, Cambridge/MA 1998, pp. 337-350 In Der Geist der Tiere, D Perler/M. Wild Frankfurt/M. 2005 |
| Interpretation | Dennett | I 237 Artifact/interpretation/Game of Life/Conway/Dennett: Question: are the "Eater", "Glider", etc. designed objects or natural formations? The easiest Glider arises obviously from the rules, no one had to make it. ((s) >Game of Life/Conway; Cf. > Objet ambigu, Paul Valéry). --- Fodor IV 137 Interpretation theory/Dennett/Fodor/Lepore: (Brentano: Thesis: The intentional cannot be reduced to the physical). Dennett: i.e. ontologically, there are no such things as belief, desires, intentional phenomena! Interpretation: they are, however, indispensable as elements of interpretation (epistemic). ((s) That is, that intentionality (or its attribution) is accessible only by interpretation. ("Interpretivism", "interpretativism")). IV 138 Intentional attribution/Dennett: intentional attribution is always wrong. Because there is no intentionality which is ontological (merely as epistemically useful concepts), Vs intentional realism. >Attribution. Principle of Charity/Fodor/Lepore: must be intrinsically holistic, which is also accepted by Dennett. >Principle of Charity. Interpretation theory:/Fodor/Lepore: according to Dennett, there are two schools: 1. Def Projectivism/Dennett: one ascribes to the other the internal states that one would have oneself in the appropriate circumstances. 2. Def Normativism/Dennett: one ascribes to the other internal states which he should have in the circumstances. IV 139 There are, of course, close relations between normativism and holism. >Holism. |
Dennett I D. Dennett Darwin’s Dangerous Idea, New York 1995 German Edition: Darwins gefährliches Erbe Hamburg 1997 Dennett II D. Dennett Kinds of Minds, New York 1996 German Edition: Spielarten des Geistes Gütersloh 1999 Dennett III Daniel Dennett "COG: Steps towards consciousness in robots" In Bewusstein, Thomas Metzinger Paderborn/München/Wien/Zürich 1996 Dennett IV Daniel Dennett "Animal Consciousness. What Matters and Why?", in: D. C. Dennett, Brainchildren. Essays on Designing Minds, Cambridge/MA 1998, pp. 337-350 In Der Geist der Tiere, D Perler/M. Wild Frankfurt/M. 2005 F/L Jerry Fodor Ernest Lepore Holism. A Shoppers Guide Cambridge USA Oxford UK 1992 Fodor I Jerry Fodor "Special Sciences (or The Disunity of Science as a Working Hypothesis", Synthese 28 (1974), 97-115 In Kognitionswissenschaft, Dieter Münch Frankfurt/M. 1992 Fodor II Jerry Fodor Jerrold J. Katz Sprachphilosophie und Sprachwissenschaft In Linguistik und Philosophie, G. Grewendorf/G. Meggle Frankfurt/M. 1974/1995 Fodor III Jerry Fodor Jerrold J. Katz The availability of what we say in: Philosophical review, LXXII, 1963, pp.55-71 In Linguistik und Philosophie, G. Grewendorf/G. Meggle Frankfurt/M. 1974/1995 |
| Simulacrum | Mbembe | Brocker I 921 Simulacrum/Society/Postcolonialism//Mbembe/Herb: It is about the specific disguise of the naked power of command, i.e. the style in which relationships between commanders and recipients of command are staged. The grotesque, comedy, amusement, laughter, carnival and blasphemy are the expressions of these multiform relationships. In its roar, the post-colony proves to be the regime of the "simulacrum" par excellence (Mbembe 2016(1), 183). "This explains why dictatorships, which had rested the day before on a flood of declarations of support, wake up the next day and find their golden calves smashed and their tables of law overturned" (183). In the postcolony a game is played in which the body takes the leading role, as a relay of submission, deprivation of power and refusal to obey. "Mouth", "belly", and "penis" are the classical means of command and at the same time "independent historical places" (214), centres of power in the political economy of the body. They reach into death. >Tyranny/Mbembe, >Government policy/Mbembe. MbembeVsBachtin: In this game of fidelity and betrayal, as Mbembe asserts against the "Mistake of Bachtin" (Mbembe ibid., 216), all inmates of the postcolony are trapped: ruled and ruled. All of them, without exception, are involved in the game of life and death. 1. Achille Mbembe, De la postcolonie. Essai sur l’imagination politique dans l’Afrique contemporaine, Paris 2000. Dt.: Achille Mbembe, Postkolonie. Zur politischen Vorstellungskraft im Afrika der Gegenwart, Wien/Berlin 2016 Karlfriedrich Herb, „Achille Mbembe, Postkolonie (2000)“. In: Manfred Brocker (Hg.) Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt/M. 2018 |
Brocker I Manfred Brocker Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert Frankfurt/M. 2018 |
| Tyranny | Mbembe | Brocker I 917 Tyranny/Postcolonialism/Mbembe/Herb: (...) [Mbembe provides] a meticulous analysis of the specific relations of subjugation established in Sub-Saharan Africa after the withdrawal of the colonial powers. Mbembe subsumes these relations under the concept of "command", the new basic word of colonial and post-colonial rule. Colonial sovereignty can be defined for Mbembe - following Derrida - in three ways: as founding, meaningful and ratifying violence. Their interaction ensures that the original violence is transformed into lawful rule. Such authorizing authority constantly communicates the legitimacy of its own actions without being able to conceal the "injustice of means and the illegality of ends" (2016(1),75 f.). Mbembe shows the arbitrariness and violence of the colonial regime in an exemplary way with the so-called Brocker I 918 "indigenous regime" (78). It not only deprives the locals of any political participation, but also subjects them to continuous state dressage. The indigenous people are tamed and trained within the framework of comprehensive surveillance and punitive practices (83). He becomes a completely lawless subject in animal form, which "can never really enter the realm of human possibilities" (78). Instead of the rule of law, the personal rule prevails (102). This lawlessness of the colonized is further increased by the dependence of the market on the state. The work of the colonized does not only function here as a commodity on the market. The remuneration of labour rather serves as a "resource to buy obedience and gratitude and to link the population to disciplinary dispositives" (106). >Postcolonialism/Mbembe. Brocker I 921 For Mbembe, the post-colonial power of command (...) does not rely solely on surveillance and punishment. >Simulacrum/Mbembe, >Government policy/Mbembe. Rather, it establishes an "intimate tyranny" (Mbembe 2016(1), 208) between commanders and subjects. This intimacy belongs almost to the "driving forces of tyranny in Black Africa" (216), without of course assuring the tyrants of the loyalty of their subjects. The recognition of state power as a fetish is only "played". Mbembe points out, for example, "that the body of the post-colonized subject, by dancing publicly for power, affirms its subjugation and, in passing, ratifies the existence of an unquestionable institution in order to be able to play with it better and change it at the first opportunity" (209). MbembeVsBachtin: In this game of fidelity and betrayal, as Mbembe asserts against the "Mistake of Bachtin" (216), all inmates of the postcolony are trapped: ruled and ruled. All of them, without exception, are involved in the game of life and death. 1. Achille Mbembe, De la postcolonie. Essai sur l’imagination politique dans l’Afrique contemporaine, Paris 2000. Dt.: Achille Mbembe, Postkolonie. Zur politischen Vorstellungskraft im Afrika der Gegenwart, Wien/Berlin 2016 Karlfriedrich Herb, „Achille Mbembe, Postkolonie (2000)“. In: Manfred Brocker (Hg.) Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt/M. 2018 |
Brocker I Manfred Brocker Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert Frankfurt/M. 2018 |
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