Find counter arguments by entering NameVs… or …VsName.
The author or concept searched is found in the following 8 entries.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
Entry |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstraction | Habermas | IV 562 Abstraction/Habermas: in order to free Historical Materialism from its historical-philosophical ballast, two abstractions are necessary a) the abstraction of the unfolding of cognitive structures from the historical dynamics of events and b) the abstraction of social evolution from the historical concretion of life forms. >Critical Theory/Habermas. HabermasVsPhilosophy of History: these two abstractions eliminate the basic conceptual confusions to which historical-philosophical thinking owes itself. >Philosophy of History/Habermas. |
Ha I J. Habermas Der philosophische Diskurs der Moderne Frankfurt 1988 Ha III Jürgen Habermas Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Bd. I Frankfurt/M. 1981 Ha IV Jürgen Habermas Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns Bd. II Frankfurt/M. 1981 |
| Gender Roles | Engels | Brocker I 299 Gender roles/Engels: In his book The Origin of the Family(1), Engels sketches the establishment of gender domination, as follows: For historical materialism, the human exists as a social-historical being in the metabolism with nature. The relationship between the sexes must therefore be explained on the basis of the state of development of production conditions and, above all, of technical means of production. For Engels, the transition from communal to private property is the pivotal point for an explanation of male gender domination. >Production forces. BeauvoirVsEngels: two questions remain unanswered: 1. Why can the institution of private property prevail? 2. Why does this lead to the oppression of women? According to Beauvoir, Engels presupposes the benefit-calculating homo oeconomicus instead of explaining it. Moreover, the motive for mastery through greed and expansionism is not sufficiently explained. Brocker I 300 Solution/Beauvoir: One has to accept an imperialist human consciousness that wants to achieve its sovereignty objectively.(2) To this end, the "category of the other" must be introduced. (2) >Feminism, >Gender, >Consciousness, >Sovereignty, >Power, >Governance. 1. Friedrich Engels, Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigentums und des Staats, Marx/Engels Werke 21, S. 25–173 2. Simone de Beauvoir, Le deuxième sexe, Paris 1949. Dt.: Simone de Beauvoir, Das andere Geschlecht. Sitte und Sexus der Frau, Reinbek 2005 (zuerst 1951), S.82. Friederike Kuster, „Simone de Beauvoir, Das andere Geschlecht (1949)“ in: Manfred Brocker (Hg.) Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt/M. 2018 |
EconEngels I Friedrich Engels Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigentums und des Staats Brocker I Manfred Brocker Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert Frankfurt/M. 2018 |
| Historiography | Cohen | Gaus I 80 Historiography/historical marxism/history/Cohen, Gerald/Levine, Andrew: Historical materialism was of nearly as much concern to early analytical Marxism as was justice. ((s) Cf. >Justice/Marxism, >Marxism/Levine). But with the publication in 1978 of G. A. Cohen’s Karl Marx’s Theory of History: A Defence(1) the topic assumed a pre-eminent importance (see further Wright, Levine and Sober, 1992(2); Shaw, 1978(3)). Marx: for Marx, the inner workings of capitalism and other modes of production are only intelligible as part of an endogenous process of development and transformation. Historical materialism provides an account of this process. Teleology/causality/Cohen: Cohen ‘naturalized’ this theory, assimilating it into the intellectual mainstream. In doing so, he showed how Marx’s theory of history, unlike Hegel’s, is not teleological. Scientists from at least the seventeenth century on rejected the notion of teleological causality, the idea that to explain a phenomenon is to discover the ‘end’ or telos towards which it tends. Historical materialism, on Cohen’s reconstruction, joins the scientific consensus. Cohen made it clear that Marxism is equipped to supply and defend an account of history’s structure and direction that in no way compromises modern understandings of causality and explanation. >History/Cohen. 1. Cohen, G. A. (1978) Karl Marx’s Theory of History: A Defence. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2. Wright, Erik Olin, Andrew Levine and Elliot Sober (1992) Reconstructing Marxism: Essays on Explanation and the Theory of History. London: Verso. 3. Shaw, William H. (1978) Marx’s Theory of History. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Levine, Andrew 2004. A future for Marxism?“. In: Gaus, Gerald F. & Kukathas, Chandran 2004. Handbook of Political Theory. SAGE Publications. |
Cohen I Laurence Jonathan Cohen "Some Remarks on Grice’s Views about the Logical Particals of Natural Languages", in: Y. Bar-Hillel (Ed), Pragmatics of Natural Languages, Dordrecht 1971, pp. 50-68 In Handlung, Kommunikation, Bedeutung, Georg Meggle Frankfurt/M. 1979 Cohen II Laurence Jonathan Cohen "Mr. Strawson’s Analysis of Truth", Analysis 10 (1950) pp. 136-140 In Theories of Truth, Paul Horwich Aldershot 1994 Gaus I Gerald F. Gaus Chandran Kukathas Handbook of Political Theory London 2004 |
| History | Cohen | Gaus I 81 History/Cohen, Gerald/Levine, Andrew: Cohen’s version of historical materialism is, at most, a theory of what could happen or, more precisely, of what would happen ceteris absentibus, in the absence of countervailing forces. It is not a prophecy of what is bound to come. Its purchase on historical inevitability is therefore more nuanced than anything that can be found in more traditional formulations of Marx’s idea. >Marxism, >K. Marx, >Materialism. VsCohen: Subject to relentless criticism, some of it from Cohen himself, many historical materialist claims came to seem indefensible. (Cohen’s own hesitations about the theory he had reconstructed and defended are evident in Cohen, 1988(1).) No one maintained that the theory ought to be cast entirely aside. But the historical materialism that emerged in the wake of the scrutiny Cohen’s work spawned was a considerably attenuated version of Marx’s theory. 1. Cohen, G. A. (1988) History, Labour and Freedom: Themes from Marx. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Levine, Andrew 2004. A future for Marxism?“. In: Gaus, Gerald F. 2004. Handbook of Political Theory. SAGE Publications. |
Cohen I Laurence Jonathan Cohen "Some Remarks on Grice’s Views about the Logical Particals of Natural Languages", in: Y. Bar-Hillel (Ed), Pragmatics of Natural Languages, Dordrecht 1971, pp. 50-68 In Handlung, Kommunikation, Bedeutung, Georg Meggle Frankfurt/M. 1979 Cohen II Laurence Jonathan Cohen "Mr. Strawson’s Analysis of Truth", Analysis 10 (1950) pp. 136-140 In Theories of Truth, Paul Horwich Aldershot 1994 Gaus I Gerald F. Gaus Chandran Kukathas Handbook of Political Theory London 2004 |
| History | Marx | Höffe I 368 History/Marx/Höffe: [Marx](1) begins with the analysis of commodity and money as the factual preconditions and formal elements. He concedes to capital the world-historical task of developing all productive forces of labor. On the other hand, however, it prevents what is indispensable for a truly humane economy: that work or the worker becomes the subject of social processes. Determinism: Freely borrowing from Hegel's philosophy of history, Marx thinks deterministically. For in his view, the allegedly undeniable "impoverishment of the masses" follows a mechanism that inevitably leads to the self-absorption of capital. In his view, there is a growing concentration of capital, in the course of which more and more owners of capital are expropriated, which should have an obvious consequence: As misery grows, so does the indignation of an ever larger organized labor force. >History/Hegel, >World history/Hegel, >Weltgeist/Hegel. 1. K. Marx Das Kapital Vol. I 1867, Vol. II & II 1885 (= MEW 23-25) Gaus I 80 History/Marx/Levine, Andrew: Hegel’s philosophy of history was, of course, the immediate inspiration for Marx’s attempt to make sense of history as such. But Marx broke ranks with Hegel and the entire tradition that his work culminated in by rejecting teleology and, with it, the project of discovering what historical events mean. Marx retained Hegel’s sense of history’s intelligibility; he sought to provide an account of real historical structures and of the direction of historical change. >History/Hegel. MarxVsHegel: But, for Marx, history is as meaningless as nature is. Like nature too, it has properties that are independent of investigators’ interests and that are in principle capable of being known. The philosophers of history, Hegel especially, had grasped aspects of real history, but through the distorting lens of their own teleological convictions. Marx set them right, without succumbing to the atheoreticism of contemporary historians. History/MarxismVsMarx: Western Marxisms, for all their differences, were of one mind in distancing themselves from Marx’s theory of history. The historical materialist orthodoxy of the Second and Third Internationals was, in the eyes of Western Marxists, too fatalistic to pass muster. It failed to accord human agency its due. Its commitment to historical inevitability even seemed to render the very idea of politics otiose. If the end is already given, one can perhaps hasten its coming, but nothing can fundamentally change the ultimate outcome. This, it seemed to them, was a formula for quiescence, for passively awaiting the revolution. But the historical materialism Western Marxists faulted was not exactly the historical materialism Cohen defended. >History/Cohen. Levine, Andrew 2004. A future for Marxism?“. In: Gaus, Gerald F. & Kukathas, Chandran 2004. Handbook of Political Theory. SAGE Publications. |
Marx I Karl Marx Das Kapital, Kritik der politische Ökonomie Berlin 1957 Höffe I Otfried Höffe Geschichte des politischen Denkens München 2016 Gaus I Gerald F. Gaus Chandran Kukathas Handbook of Political Theory London 2004 |
| Philosophy of History | Marx | Mause I 69 Philosophy of History/Marx: The fundamental philosophy of history of Marx, historical materialism, is not found in his main work, the three-volume "Das Kapital" (Marx 1867/1885/1894), but in various other writings. From Marx's point of view, history represents a permanent class struggle, which, due to the tensions between "productive forces" (i.e. the respective production technology) and "production relationships" (i.e. the respective ownership relationships) is pushed forward. There are a limited number of clearly defined levels (communist primitive society, antique slave-owning society, feudalism, capitalism, communist final stage). >Slavery, >Feudalism, >Capitalism, >Communism, >Relations of production. Marx's economic analysis focuses on the problems and contradictions of capitalism, which will sooner or later have to collapse due to increasing inequality and worsening economic crises. >History, >Historiography, >Philosophy of history. |
Marx I Karl Marx Das Kapital, Kritik der politische Ökonomie Berlin 1957 Mause I Karsten Mause Christian Müller Klaus Schubert, Politik und Wirtschaft: Ein integratives Kompendium Wiesbaden 2018 |
| Socialism | Marx | Höffe I 366 Scientific Socialism/Marx/Höffe: In contrast to Proudhon's socialism, which is debased as "utopian," "petty-bourgeois", and "doctrinaire," Marx is not satisfied with a "utopian interpretation" of the previous national economy. He does indeed adopt Proudhon's guiding goal, the classless society. According to the Communist Party's Manifesto (1848)(1), written together with Engels, the "history of all previous society consists in the history of class struggles," which recalls Hegel's theorem of >master and slave. Religion/Marx/Höffe: astonishingly, [in the manifesto] (...) the religious opposites that dominate at least modern times are not mentioned. >Religion. Höffe I 367 According to the eleventh Feuerbach thesis, Marx is convinced of the mission and at the same time convinced of the power of a theory (...). With its help he believes he can achieve his goal, - establishing a classless society - and bring about the necessary path, the revolutionary transformation of the existing society. Höffe I 368 VsPolitical Economy: "Capital"(3) [rejects] the previous political economy (economics) (...) and develops an alternative. Labor: In one point Marx (...) agrees with his liberal opponents: As with Locke, wages should be based on the amount of work done. MarxVsSmith, Adam/MarxVsRicardo: Marx accuses his opponents of an unhistorical approach and the extrapolation resulting from it, which is in fact unacceptable: According to Marx, the laws of economic development asserted by Smith and Ricardo are not eternally valid laws of nature. They apply only to the modern, namely capitalist form of economy and society. >Adam Smith, >David Ricardo. He concedes that the traditional national economy has enlightened the mechanism of production relations: the connection of private property with the separation of labor and capital, with the division of labor, competition, etc. But he accuses it of a "fatalistic economy" that does not concern itself with the conditions of the origin of production relations and therefore does not recognize the law of their change. He contrasts this with what is later called historical materialism ("histomat"). Commodity/Money: [Marx] begins with the analysis of commodity and money as the material preconditions and formal elements. He concedes to capital the world-historical task of developing all productive forces of labor. On the other hand, however, it prevents what is indispensable for a truly humane economy: that labor or the worker becomes the subject of social processes. 1. K.Marx und F. Engels, Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei, 1848 2. K.Marx und F. Engels, Thesen über Feuerbach, 1845 3. K. Marx Das Kapital Vol. I 1867, Vol. II & II 1885 (= MEW 23-25) |
Marx I Karl Marx Das Kapital, Kritik der politische Ökonomie Berlin 1957 Höffe I Otfried Höffe Geschichte des politischen Denkens München 2016 |
| Theology | Benjamin | Bolz II 14 Theology/Politics/Benjamin: Theology and political thought form a totality that must be thought of as a juxtaposition of extremes. Bolz II 17 Benjamin is often called a witness of historical materialism, negative theology, and even of literary-scientific deconstructivism. >Historical materialism, >Deconstructivism. Bolz II 21 Secularization of theology (1st history-philosophical thesis: theology must seek protection in historical materialism). Bolz II 31 Theology/Benjamin: Exodus from the philosophy in the commentary. >Critique/Benjamin. Benjamin himself hides his metaphysical and theological motifs in his work. Typical formulas: "brush against the stroke" "cover and veiled". Secularization of theology for its salvation. Turn to a "pragmatic" communism. Salvation: salvation is not the goal of history, but its end. >Redemption, cf. >End of History. Bolz II 34 Theology/Benjamin: Because theocracy has no political meaning, the world politics of the political theologian must be nihilistic in order to promote its mental meaning.(1) >Nihilism. This is the scheme according to which Benjamin's studies on Baroque, Baudelaire and Surrealism also articulate a Gnostic protest. It is directed against the return of antiquity on the apex of modernity as it is predicted by Nietzsche in Max Weber's doctrine of Occidental Realism. >Procedural rationality/Weber, >Western Rationalism. Bolz II 35 Eye to eye with fascism, theology is forced into inversion If a free mankind is to seek happiness in the field of history, the dependent mankind must now take a foot in hopelessness. Foot ... not hope. Bolz II 36 Teaching is abolished critique, critique is inverse theology and religion is the "concrete totality of experience".(2) 1. W. Benjamin, Gesammelte Schriften. Unter Mitwirkung von Th. W. Adorno und Gershom Sholem herausgegeben von Rolf Tiedemann und Hermann Schweppenhäuser Frankfurt/M. 1972-89. Bd II, S. 204 2. Ebenda. S. 170 |
Bo I N. Bolz Kurze Geschichte des Scheins München 1991 Bolz II Norbert Bolz Willem van Reijen Walter Benjamin Frankfurt/M. 1991 |
| |||
No results. Please choose an author or concept or try a different keyword-search.