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The author or concept searched is found in the following 1 entries.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
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| Self-Organization | Ostrom | Brocker I 730 Self-Organization/levels/economy/social goods/Ostrom: Market and state organisations inevitably have a multi-level problem: there are rules at a operational, collective or constitutional level. Brocker I 731 Problem: to test rules and their effects in theory, it is assumed that when rules are changed, those at lower levels are kept constant. (1) Self-organization: this assumption cannot be established in systems with self-organizing actors. Actors must be able to switch between levels to solve problems. Individuals who do not have autonomy for self-organization and self-administration remain imprisoned in their one-level world. (2) Brocker I 732 For the study of strategies for the sustainable management of common goods (social goods), Ostrom selects very different examples from different regions of the world (Switzerland, Japan, Philippines, Spain) with different cultures and environmental conditions. (3) Question: are there general principles for the establishment of management rules and cooperation between the actors that can be recognised by these different cases? Operational Rules/Ostrom: (see also Organization/Ostrom): here there are also construction principles that have a decisive influence on the sustainability of the presented resource management systems: 1. clearly defined limits for households or persons who have the right to withdraw units from the common land. 2. congruence between appropriation and provision rules and local conditions 3. arrangements for collective decisions: most people can participate in decisions about changes to the operational rules. 4. supervision: the supervisors are accountable to the owners (of common goods) or even are owners themselves. 5. graduated sanctions for breaches of the rules 6. conflict resolution mechanisms: participants have quick access to low-cost local arenas that resolve conflicts. 7. minimal recognition of the right to organise: the right of owners to develop their own institutions is not called into question by any external state authority. 8. embedded companies: (for larger, more complex systems): here, appropriation, provision, monitoring, enforcement, conflict resolution and administration are embedded in several levels. Common goods/overuse: None of the above rules in itself is sufficient to prevent Hardin's "tragedy of the common good" (see Social Goods/Hardin) - i.e. the forced overuse of common goods. Brocker I 734 Free-rider problem/solution/Ostrom: only investments in cost-effective, self-organized monitoring make the promises of the individual users credible. At the same time, they participate in the surveillance themselves in order to prevent exploitation by their neighbours. Learning/Sanctions: for learning it is important that the sanctions are not existentially threatening at the beginning. Brocker I 734 State intervention: Problem: Self-regulation and self-initiative are threatened by state intervention and regulation.(4)(5) >Social Goods/Ostrom., >Free-rider. 1. Elinor Ostrom, Governing the Commons. The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, Cambridge 1990. Dt.: Elinor Ostrom, Die Verfassung der Allmende. Jenseits von Staat und Merkt, Tübingen 1999, p. 68. 2. Ibid. p. 70 3. Ibid. p. 72f 4. Hanisch „Cooperatives in Rural Devolopment and Poverty Alleviation“, in: Jos Bijman/Roldan Muradian/Jur Schuurman (Ed.) Cooperatives, Economic Democratization and Rural Development, Cheltenham/Northampton 2016, p. 55 5. Helen Markelova Ruth Meinzen-Dick/Jon Hellin/Stephan Dohrn, „Collective Action for Smallholder Market Access“, in: Food Policy 34/1, 2009, p. 5 Markus Hanisch, „Elinor Ostrom Die Verfassung der Allmende“, in: Manfred Brocker (Hg.) Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt/M. 2018 |
EconOstr I Elinor Ostrom Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action Cambridge 1990 Brocker I Manfred Brocker Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert Frankfurt/M. 2018 |
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| Chomsky, N. | Luhmann Vs Chomsky, N. | AU Kass 5 Self-organization/Luhmann: a system can only operate with self-assembled structures. No import of structures! Strange: E.g. language learning: it is almost incomprehensible how fast children learn languages. LuhmannVsChomsky: its deep structures were never discovered. Instead: modern communication research: rather in the communication itself the language is learned through use, through assumption of understanding the habit to develop asigning sounds. This does not contradict the thesis of self-organization. Otherwise, one would think that the learner is trained in a specific sequence, instead of starting to speak by himself. E.g. dyslexia: the tendency to make mistakes, is extremely variable from person to person. This makes switching to self-organization unavoidable. That does not mean that an external observer might not notice that these are the same words as they appear in the dictionary. But that cannot be explained by structural import, but by structural coupling (s.u.). |
AU I N. Luhmann Introduction to Systems Theory, Lectures Universität Bielefeld 1991/1992 German Edition: Einführung in die Systemtheorie Heidelberg 1992 Lu I N. Luhmann Die Kunst der Gesellschaft Frankfurt 1997 |
| Dirac, P. | Kanitscheider Vs Dirac, P. | II 115 Science/KanitscheiderVsDirac: ...that is daring. If a suspicion is expressed by a great personality, it can set completely new research programs in motion. II 115/116 Chance/coincidence/nature constants/Dirac/Kanitscheider: if one follows Dirac, this has dramatic consequences: since the age of the universe contains to, if one applies the hypothesis, also in N2 a constant must become time-dependent! Since for quantum mechanical reasons neither e nor the masses of nucleon and electron can be considered for this, only the gravitational constant G remains to take over the time dependence. G ~ t 1. This variability of the strength of gravity of all bodies means a new, non-Einstein theory of gravity with radical consequences. 1. time dependence as explanation of the value of the large numbers: they are so large because the universe is so old. 2. the time dependence transfers itself to all powers of 10 exp 40: if t e.g. the number of baryons in the observable universe, thus the total amount of matter at (10hoch 40)² then it follows that it increases with t ². Dirac's theory of gravity thus claims a violation of the law of conservation of energy. A review was ruled out because of the small size of the effects. Gravitational Theory/TellerVsDirac: (1948) when G ~ t exp 1: because of the then higher luminosity of the sun and the smaller radius of the earth's orbit (in the past) the oceans in the Precambrian would have cooked. But from this time we already have traces of life. Gravitational Theory/DickeVsDirac: (1961) Robert Dicke: Dirac himself had understood the relation N1/N2 as a permanent relation. Dicke Thesis: we should concentrate on the fact that these two numbers are the same today. If we assume that they are the same only today, then N1 was small in early times, because this number contains cosmic time. But at that time the universe was hot, highly symmetric and very simple. II 117 Only in this present, middle epoch observers can warm themselves at these energy sources and determine that N1 = N2. Thesis: "Biological selection of constants". VsDicke: some authors: Dicke confuses selection with causal explanation. He thinks that the universe is like this because we are there. (> Anthropic principle). Instead, the other way round: we can perceive the universe because we are there. When it was hotter, we were not there. Anthropic Principle/KanitscheiderVsThickness: the heavy elements C,H,O,N are used for the self-organization of organisms. Shorter-lived universes, which collapsed again before they could synthesize the CHON elements, cannot be observed in principle. Dicke's argument therefore follows only that the cosmic parameters must have that correct tuning so that the universe can provide the conditions for the emergence of life. There can therefore be no talk of a special anthropic cosmology. |
Kanitsch I B. Kanitscheider Kosmologie Stuttgart 1991 Kanitsch II B. Kanitscheider Im Innern der Natur Darmstadt 1996 |
| Teilhard de Chardin | Verschiedene Vs Teilhard de Chardin | Kanitscheider II 178 KanitscheiderVsTeilhard de Chardin: Double technique! The motivation for his theory lies in the belief, common at his time, that the Second Law forbids the growth of complexity. Solution: Self-organization allows that with the evolutionary growth of complex systems only the information coincides, which does not contradict thermodynamics. The substantial process of spiritualization is incompatible with today's understanding of complexity growth. |
Kanitsch I B. Kanitscheider Kosmologie Stuttgart 1991 Kanitsch II B. Kanitscheider Im Innern der Natur Darmstadt 1996 |
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The author or concept searched is found in the following 4 theses of the more related field of specialization.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
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| Ordering | Kauffman, St. | I 9 Ordering / human / Kauffman: thesis: that natural selection did not design us alone, the primary source of order is the self-organization. The complex whole can in a completely unmystical sense be "emergent" and show features which are lawful in themselves. I 21 Man then appears not as a product of random events, but as a result of an inevitable development! I 229 Order / Kauffman: Thesis: possible even without selection. Today we need a new theoretical framework model. |
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| Self-Organization | Kauffman, St. | Dennett I 303 Self-Organization/Kauffman/Dennett: Thesis: Evolution itself undergoes evolution. It develops because it is a forced move in the design game. Finding the right path is surprisingly easy - laws of design, not of form - inevitabilities of metatechnics - epistasis: interaction between genes: - aptitude landscape strongly determines development: successful results are sacrificed. Kauffman I 30 Kauffman's thesis: If the band of life were played again, the individual branches of the family tree of life might look different, but the patterns of branches, which initially diverge strongly and then become more and more a refining of details, probably follow a deeper regularity. Self-Organization/Kauffman: Thesis: these structures occur at all levels: from ecosystems to economic systems undergoing technological evolution. Thesis: All complex adaptive systems in the biosphere - from protozoa to economies - strive for a natural state between order and chaos. Great compromise between structure and chance. I 49 Thesis: The best compromises are apparently achieved in the phase transition between order and chaos. I 51 Chaos Edge/Kauffman: great similarity with the theory of "self-organized criticality": thesis: Per Bak, Chao Tang, Kurt Wiesenfeld. I 349 Self-Organization/Kauffman: Bak, Chao, Wiesenfeld, 1988: new theory: thesis: self-organized criticality. For example, a heap of sand on a table that is constantly getting bigger. I 350 Potency Law/Kauffman: many small and little large avalanches. For avalanches there is no typical size at all! It is also independent of the size of the triggering grain of sand. Catastrophe/Chaos/Kauffman: Equilibrium systems do not need massive triggers to start moving massively. I 366 Economy/Organization/Self-Organization/Kauffman: new researches (Emily Dickinson): Thesis: flatter organizations are more successful, split into fields, each striving to improve their own benefit. The trick is how to select the fields. (NK model). Fields can detect peaks. "Simulated annealing": Finding a good approximation method. ("Temperature" see below) I 415 Thesis: we can consider goods and services as strings that interact with other strings. |
Dennett I D. Dennett Darwin’s Dangerous Idea, New York 1995 German Edition: Darwins gefährliches Erbe Hamburg 1997 Dennett II D. Dennett Kinds of Minds, New York 1996 German Edition: Spielarten des Geistes Gütersloh 1999 Dennett III Daniel Dennett "COG: Steps towards consciousness in robots" In Bewusstein, Thomas Metzinger Paderborn/München/Wien/Zürich 1996 Dennett IV Daniel Dennett "Animal Consciousness. What Matters and Why?", in: D. C. Dennett, Brainchildren. Essays on Designing Minds, Cambridge/MA 1998, pp. 337-350 In Der Geist der Tiere, D Perler/M. Wild Frankfurt/M. 2005 Kau II Stuart Kauffman At Home in the Universe: The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity New York 1995 Kauffman I St. Kauffman At Home in the Universe, New York 1995 German Edition: Der Öltropfen im Wasser. Chaos, Komplexität, Selbstorganisation in Natur und Gesellschaft München 1998 |
| Deep Structure | Luhmann, N. | AU Cass 5 LuhmannVsChomsky: its deep structures were never discovered. Instead: modern communication research: in the communication itself the habit is developed to assign sounds and thus the language is learned. This does not contradict the thesis of self-organization. |
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| Self-Organization | Luhmann, N. | AU Cass 5 Self-Organisation / autopoiesis / Luhmann: to be seen from the thesis of the operational unity. Instead of a reverse declaration order of unity through self-organization, how it was proposed in the history of theory. |
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