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The author or concept searched is found in the following 3 entries.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
Entry |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Four-Dimensionalism | Simons | I 121 Four-Dimensionalism/flux/Simons (instead continuants): then Tib and Tibbles do not share all parts. But non-identity does not exclude mereological extensionality. >Mereology, >Extensionality, >Extensional mereology. I 122 Four-Dimensionalism/flux/Simons: e.g. "Tibbles at t": is an instantaneous three-dimensional phase or time-slice of the four-dimensional object Tibbles. >Tibbles-example. Predicates: predicates in four-dimensionalism are "eternal". The change is supported by the terms ((s) nouns). Then Tibbles equals a cat process. Then we cannot say Tib + Tail because this is different, although they have all parts in common. Then this is no longer extensionality. To save these, modality must be denied de re. Four-Dimensionalism pro extensionality, VsModality de re. "Time slice": a "time slice" is still a whole human. ((s) The "thinness" lies in the time period.) Quine: physical objects in four-dimensional space time are indistinguishable from processes. >Four-dimensionalism/Quine. |
Simons I P. Simons Parts. A Study in Ontology Oxford New York 1987 |
| Principles | Nozick | II 10 Principle/Nozick: to show that principles explain a p, involves that they contain it. But that does not prove that p. >Explanation, >Causal explanation, >Involvement, >Inclusion, >Proofs, >Provability. II 128 Richness/principle/existence/Nozick: thesis: "All possibilities are realized." - This follows from the assumption of the egalitarian theory that the options "something"/"nothing" are equal. >Ultimate justification/Nozick. This requires infinitely separate possible worlds because options can be contradictory. - Then you need no explanation why something is or is not, because everything is (somewhere) realized. - Then there is no fact "X instead of Y". >Possible worlds, >Totality. II 130 Nothing: one of the unrealized possibilities is also that there is nothing - but that is one among many, not the inegalitary situation that there would be "exclusively nothing". >Nothing, cf. >Impossible World. II 347 Consciousness/explanation/evolution theory/Nozick: consciousness allows other types of behavior: - to be guided by principles. >Consciousness, >Behavior. --- Singer I 220 Principles/Responsibility/Nozick/P. Singer: Nozick makes a sensible distinction between "historical" and "time slices" principles. (R. Nozick 1974)(1): Def historical principle/Nozick: in order to understand whether a given distribution of goods is fair or unfair, we have to ask how the distribution came about. We need to know its history. Are the parties entitled to ownership as a result of originally justified acquisition? Def time-slice principles/Nozick: consider only the current situations and do not ask about their realization. >Time-slice. 1. R. Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia, New York, 1974 |
No I R. Nozick Philosophical Explanations Oxford 1981 No II R., Nozick The Nature of Rationality 1994 SingerP I Peter Singer Practical Ethics (Third Edition) Cambridge 2011 SingerP II P. Singer The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically. New Haven 2015 |
| Responsibility | Nozick | Singer I 220 Principles/Responsibility/Nozick/P. Singer: Nozick makes a sensible distinction between "historical" and "time slices" principles. (R. Nozick 1974)(1): Def historical principle/Nozick: in order to understand whether a given distribution of goods is fair or unfair, we have to ask how the distribution came about. We need to know its history. Are the parties entitled to ownership as a result of originally justified acquisition? Def time-slice principles/Nozick: consider only the current situations and do not ask about their realization. >Time-slices, >Principles. 1. R. Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia, New York, 1974 |
No I R. Nozick Philosophical Explanations Oxford 1981 No II R., Nozick The Nature of Rationality 1994 SingerP I Peter Singer Practical Ethics (Third Edition) Cambridge 2011 SingerP II P. Singer The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically. New Haven 2015 |
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