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The author or concept searched is found in the following 3 entries.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
Entry |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conscientiousness | Ethology | Corr I 280 Conscientiousness/animals/ethology/Gosling: [in animal studies] some dimensions showed less cross-species generality. Chimpanzees were the only non-human species with a separate Conscientiousness factor, which was defined more narrowly than in humans but included the lack of attention and goal-directedness and erratic, unpredictable and disorganized behaviour typical of the low pole. The existence of a separate Conscientiousness factor in only humans and their closest relative suggests that the trait evolved relatively recently in the evolution of Homininae (Gosling and Graybeal 2007)(1).The finding is consistent with the fact that both humans and chimpanzees have relatively developed frontal Corr I 281 cortices, the area of the brain associated with higher executive function like making plans and controlling impulses (Beer, Shimamura and Knight 2004)(2). >Planning, >Behavior, >Goals. 1. Gosling, S. D. and Graybeal, A. 2007. Tree thinking: a new paradigm for integrating comparative data in psychology, Journal of General Psychology 134: 259–77 2. Beer, J. S., Shimamura, A. P. and Knight, R. T. 2004. Frontal lobe contributions to executive control of cognitive and social behaviour, in M. S. Gazzaniga (ed.) The cognitive neurosciences III, pp. 1091–04. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Samuel D. Gosling and B. Austin Harley, „Animal models of personality and cross-species comparisons“, in: Corr, Ph. J. & Matthews, G. (eds.)2009. The Cambridge handbook of Personality Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press |
Corr I Philip J. Corr Gerald Matthews The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology New York 2009 Corr II Philip J. Corr (Ed.) Personality and Individual Differences - Revisiting the classical studies Singapore, Washington DC, Melbourne 2018 |
| Conscientiousness | Depue | Corr I 329 Conscientiousness/Depue: Depue and Lenzenweger (2005)(1) associated Nonaffective Constraint with Conscientiousness and with the broad inhibitory functions of the serotonergic system. >Behavior, >Personality traits. 1. Depue, R. A. and Lenzenweger, M. F. 2005. A neurobehavioural dimensional model of personality disturbance, in M Lenzenweger and J Clarkin (eds.), Theories of personality disorders, 2nd edn, pp. 391–454. New York: Guilford Press Colin G. DeYoung and Jeremy R. Gray, „ Personality neuroscience: explaining individual different in affect, behaviour and cognition“, in: Corr, Ph. J. & Matthews, G. (eds.) 2009. The Cambridge handbook of Personality Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press |
Corr I Philip J. Corr Gerald Matthews The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology New York 2009 Corr II Philip J. Corr (Ed.) Personality and Individual Differences - Revisiting the classical studies Singapore, Washington DC, Melbourne 2018 |
| Conscientiousness | Neurobiology | Corr I 335 Conscientiousness/Neurobiology: Conscientiousness appears to reflect the tendency to maintain motivational >stability within the individual, to make plans and carry them out in an organized and industrious manner. Such top-down control of motivation should be necessary only in species capable of formulating long-term goals that might conflict with more immediate urges. In personality studies of other species, only the chimpanzee, our nearest evolutionary neighbour, has yet been found to possess a trait directly analogous to Conscientiousness (Gosling and John 1999)(1). >Personality traits, >Animal studies, >Animal models. Conscientiousness may represent the purest manifestation in personality of the ability and tendency to constrain immediate impulses in favour of longer-term goals. A factor analysis of many questionnaire measures of impulsivity (Whiteside and Lynam 2001)(2) found four factors, only two of which (labelled lack of perseverance and lack of premeditation) mapped onto Conscientiousness. The other two, labelled urgency and sensation-seeking, mapped onto Neuroticism and Extraversion, respectively, and appeared to describe strong impulses related to punishment and reward. In a similar vein, Depue and Collins (1999)(3) argued that, although theorists have often associated impulsivity with Extraversion, impulsivity might be better conceived as a compound trait emerging from the combination of high extraversion and low constraint or conscientiousness. Corr I 336 Another biological factor that may be related to Conscientiousness is glucose metabolism. Glucose represents the basic energy source for the brain, and a number of studies indicate that blood-glucose is depleted by acts of self-control and that the extent of this depletion predicts failures of self-control (Gailliot, Baumeister, DeWall et al. 2007(4); Gailliot and Baumeister 2007)(5). >Self-regulation, >Control processes. 1. Gosling, S. D. and John, O. P. 1999. Personality dimensions in nonhuman animals: a cross-species review, Current Directions in Psychological Science 8: 69–75 2. Whiteside, S. P. and Lynam, R. W. 2001. The Five Factor Model and impulsivity: using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity, Personality and Individual Differences 30: 669–89 3. Depue, R. A. and Collins, P. F. 1999. Neurobiology of the structure of personality: dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion, Behavioural and Brain Sciences 22: 491–569 4. Gailliot, M. T., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., Plant, E. A., Tice, D. M., Brewer, L. E. and Schmeichel, B. J. 2007. Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: willpower is more than a metaphor, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92: 325–36 5. Gailliot, M. T. and Baumeister, R. F. 2007. The physiology of willpower: linking blood glucose to self-control, Personality and Social Psychology Review 11: 303–27 Colin G. DeYoung and Jeremy R. Gray, „ Personality neuroscience: explaining individual differences in affect, behaviour and cognition“, in: Corr, Ph. J. & Matthews, G. (eds.) 2009. The Cambridge handbook of Personality Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press |
Corr I Philip J. Corr Gerald Matthews The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology New York 2009 Corr II Philip J. Corr (Ed.) Personality and Individual Differences - Revisiting the classical studies Singapore, Washington DC, Melbourne 2018 |
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