Dictionary of Arguments


Philosophical and Scientific Issues in Dispute
 
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Entry
Reference
Connotation Barthes Röttger-Denker I 26
Connotation language/Barthes: very similar: first system: (little black dress that means festive occasion) becomes the signifier of the second system, whose signifier forms fashion ideology or fashion rhetoric. >Similarity, >Signs, >Designation, >Denotation, >Presentation.

Barthes I
R. Barthes
Mythologies: The Complete Edition, in a New Translation New York 2013


Röttger I
Gabriele Röttger-Denker
Roland Barthes zur Einführung Hamburg 1997
Deconstruction Derrida Gaus I 26
Deconstruction/Derrida/Ball: In Derrida’s version of postmodernism, the aim of interpretation is to expose and criticize the arbitrary or constructed character of claims to truth or knowledge, particularly by examining various binary oppositions or dichotomies such as knower/ known, object/representation, text/interpretation, true/false – a process that Derrida (1976)(1) calls ‘deconstruction’. Preresentation/Derrida: According to Derrida, all attempts to ‘represent’ reality produce, not knowledge or truth, but only different ‘representations’, none of which can be proven to be better or truer than any other. All social phenomena and forms of human experience – wars, revolutions, relations between the sexes, and so on – exist only through their representations or ‘texts’. And just as a literary text has many possible interpretations, so, says Derrida, do these other texts admit of multiple and contradictory ‘readings’ or interpretations. And all interpretations of meaning are in the final analysis ‘indeterminate’ and ‘undecidable’. As Derrida famously puts it, ‘there is nothing outside the text’ and even within the text its constitutive concepts or ‘signifiers’ have no stable meaning. Ambiguities within the text only increase with the passage of time and multiple and varied readings, until the text’s signifiers float freely and playfully apart, so that the reader – not the author – constructs whatever meaning the text may be said to have. Thus ‘the death of the author’ refers not to a physical fact but to an artifact of postmodernist interpretation. >Facts/Postmodernism, >Postmodernism/Ball, >Interpretation/Postmodernism.

1. Derrida, J. 1976. Of Grammatology, trans. Gayatrai Spivak. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Ball, Terence. 2004. „History and the Interpretation of Texts“. In: Gaus, Gerald F. 2004. Handbook of Political Theory. SAGE Publications.

Derrida I
J. Derrida
De la grammatologie, Paris 1967
German Edition:
Grammatologie Frankfurt 1993


Gaus I
Gerald F. Gaus
Chandran Kukathas
Handbook of Political Theory London 2004
Denotation Barthes Röttger-Denker I 20
Picture/Image/Denotation/Connotation/Barthes: E.g. Spaghetti package with Italian tricolor
Signified: is formed by the real object.
Signifier: is formed by the photographed object.
Denotation: the literal image is denotated.
Connotation: the symbolic image is connotated.
Cultural knowledge is necessary for interpretation.
>Picture, >Mapping, >Image, >Connotation, >Similarity, >Signs, >Symbols, >Icons.

Barthes I
R. Barthes
Mythologies: The Complete Edition, in a New Translation New York 2013


Röttger I
Gabriele Röttger-Denker
Roland Barthes zur Einführung Hamburg 1997
Effect Eco I 78
Effect/Eco: the aesthetic effect lies just as much on the referential as on the emotive side. It is the equation of signifier and signified, of vehicle and sense. The aesthetic sign is the iconic sign. The characteristics are truly embodied.
>Exemplification, >Icons.

Eco I
U. Eco
Opera aperta, Milano 1962, 1967
German Edition:
Das offene Kunstwerk Frankfurt/M. 1977

Eco II
U, Eco
La struttura assente, Milano 1968
German Edition:
Einführung in die Semiotik München 1972

Ideology Laclau Gaus I 14
Ideology/Laclau/Mouffe/Freeden: Theorists such as Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe have emphasized the discursive nature of ideology, and the way in which it articulates a social unity in a hegemonic manner. They also point out the existence of concepts, ‘empty
Gaus I 15
signifiers’, to which no signified, no external social phenomenon, condition or object, corresponds. On that understanding, for example, the term ‘order’ is an empty concept, referring to inadequate representations of social stability because no complete order can ever exist. In contradistinction to AngloAmerican political philosophy, the emphasis here is on the impossibility of making truth statements, on the illusory nature of representing reality, let alone discerning essential meanings, and on the functional rather than ethical potential of thinking about politics (Laclau and Mouffe, 1985(1); Laclau, 1996(2); Norval, 2000(3)). >Ideology/Freeden.

1. Laclau, E & Mouffe, Ch. 1985. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. London: Verso.
2.Laclau, 2. 1996. ‘The death and resurrection of the theory of ideology’. Journal of Political Ideologies, 1: 201–20.
3. Norval, A. 2000. ‘The things we do with words: contemporary approaches to the analysis of ideology’. British Journal of Political Science, 30: 313–46.


Freeden, M. 2004. „Ideology, Political Theory and Political Philosophy“. In: Gaus, Gerald F. 2004. Handbook of Political Theory. SAGE Publications.


Gaus I
Gerald F. Gaus
Chandran Kukathas
Handbook of Political Theory London 2004
Ideology Mouffe Gaus I 14
Ideology/Laclau/Mouffe/Freeden: Theorists such as Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe have emphasized the discursive nature of ideology, and the way in which it articulates a social unity in a hegemonic manner. They also point out the existence of concepts, ‘empty
Gaus I 15
signifiers’, to which no signified, no external social phenomenon, condition or object, corresponds. On that understanding, for example, the term ‘order’ is an empty concept, referring to inadequate representations of social stability because no complete order can ever exist. In contradistinction to AngloAmerican political philosophy, the emphasis here is on the impossibility of making truth statements, on the illusory nature of representing reality, let alone discerning essential meanings, and on the functional rather than ethical potential of thinking about politics (Laclau and Mouffe, 1985(1); Laclau, 1996(2); Norval, 2000(3)). >Ideology/Freeden.

1. Laclau, E & Mouffe, Ch. 1985. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. London: Verso.
2.Laclau, 2. 1996. ‘The death and resurrection of the theory of ideology’. Journal of Political Ideologies, 1: 201–20.
3. Norval, A. 2000. ‘The things we do with words: contemporary approaches to the analysis of ideology’. British Journal of Political Science, 30: 313–46.


Freeden, M. 2004. „Ideology, Political Theory and Political Philosophy“. In: Gaus, Gerald F. 2004. Handbook of Political Theory. SAGE Publications.


Gaus I
Gerald F. Gaus
Chandran Kukathas
Handbook of Political Theory London 2004
Interpretation Eco II 77
Interpretation/Eco: Definition Interpretans: the interpretans is what guarantees the validity of the sign even in the absence of the interpreter. The most fruitful hypothesis seems to be that of considering the Interpretans as another representation referring to the same object.
Problem: a process of infinite semiosis opens up.
>Regress, >Representation.
Language: language would be a system that clarifies itself through successive systems of conventions that explain each other.
>Language, >Conventions.
II 78
Interpretans/Eco: Interpretans is the meaning of a signifier, understood by its essence as a cultural unit, which is indicated by another signifier in order to show its independence (as a cultural unit) from the first signifier. >Presentation, >Image, >Picture.

Eco I
U. Eco
Opera aperta, Milano 1962, 1967
German Edition:
Das offene Kunstwerk Frankfurt/M. 1977

Eco II
U, Eco
La struttura assente, Milano 1968
German Edition:
Einführung in die Semiotik München 1972

Language Lacan Prechtl I 119
Language/Lacan: Row of signifiers: social order - the subject is not sovereign. - It only has access to his experience within the frame of meanings. >Meaning.
---
Pagel I 17
Language/Lacan: is the ultimate agent. >Subject/Lacan.
I 44
Language/Lacan: Language is not a substance but a form. The human speaks, but he does so because the symbol has made him a human.
I 46
Significant/Lacan: the function of the signifier is not to represent the signified! The relatively insignificant can be the actually effective. That which counts and does not tell. Expulsion of the signifier is its effect, not a content severity.
I 46
Language/Lacan: neither representation nor instrument. Rather, a "differential articulation". The sense is always a retrospective product. >Sense, >Signs, >Designation.
I 48/49
Metonymy/Lacan: displacement of meaning. Middle of the unconscious, to outwit the censorship. (Like Freud). >Metonymy.
I 53
Language/Lacan: demands renounce of the narcissistic insistence of "me or you". It requires subordination to a universality of commonality. (Similar to Hegel).
I 55
Language/Lacan: with the language, we can persuade ourselves without knowing that we have deceived ourselves, since the language talks to us. Cf. >Persuasion/Aristotle.

Gabriele Röttger-Denker Barthes zur Einführung Hamburg 1989
I 100
Language/Lacan: Language is not immaterial. It is a subtle body. >Body.


Sau I
P. Prechtl
Saussure zur Einführung Hamburg 1994

Lacan I
Gerda Pagel
Jacques Lacan zur Einführung Hamburg 1989
Language Locke Black II 130
Language/Locke/Black: to transmit thoughts - (>ideas). ---
Euchner I 33
Language/Locke:
1. recording
2. communication of thoughts 3. ease and speed of communication.
Language also is a prerequisite for society.
>Communication, >Society.
---
Euchner I 170
Language/Locke/Euchner: today: Locke fails to recognize the irreducible linguistic basics of empirical perception - but the correction has already been created: to include also abstract and general ideas among the empirically given, of which each reconstruction of knowledge must start. >Idea/Locke, >Perception/Locke, >Perception/today's theories, >Reality/today's theories, >Language/today's theories.
---
Arndt II 181
Language/knowledge/LockeVsPascal/VsPort Royal/Arndt: 1. no necessary relations between concepts
2. It is not clear how their content determination leads to mind independent objects.
Language/Descartes/Pascal: subsequent codifying of objects.
Locke: actual constitution of objects.
II 183
Linguistic expression/Locke: "nodes" in which ideas, summarized in the mind, find their stable expression. We must refrain from words and look at meanings. - But the ideas are something almost finished. Arndt: problem: then indicators more representative than synthetically.
Words: signify directly the idea, objects only indirectly.
II 188
Ideas/meaning/Locke: analysis of ideas identical to the analysis of the meanings - language: not only a means of communication but also of knowledge. Clarity/LockeVsDescartes: in his view bound to naming.
Presupposes the possibility of clear signification.
II 199
Language: is signifier at the same time and presupposes objectivity.
II 206
Language/Locke: is already finished: no one creates the abstract idea "fame" before he has heard the name. - So independence of the mixed modes of the existence of the signified - thus one can understand names before they were applied to existing things (!) E.g. So punishments can be established for not yet committed acts.
Punch line: dependence on community is result of the independence of the existence of the signified.
Translation: problem: nominal essence: change from community to community.
Language ultimately relates to particular therefore we learn name first.
>Translation, >Names.
---
Saussure I 34
Language/Locke: These words are signs of ideas in consciousness - ideas in turn are signs for objects outside of consciousness. >Signs, >Words.

Loc III
J. Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding


Black I
Max Black
"Meaning and Intention: An Examination of Grice’s Views", New Literary History 4, (1972-1973), pp. 257-279
In
Handlung, Kommunikation, Bedeutung, G. Meggle (Hg) Frankfurt/M 1979

Black II
M. Black
The Labyrinth of Language, New York/London 1978
German Edition:
Sprache. Eine Einführung in die Linguistik München 1973

Black III
M. Black
The Prevalence of Humbug Ithaca/London 1983

Black IV
Max Black
"The Semantic Definition of Truth", Analysis 8 (1948) pp. 49-63
In
Truth and Meaning, Paul Horwich Aldershot 1994

Loc I
W. Euchner
Locke zur Einführung Hamburg 1996

Loc II
H.W. Arndt
"Locke"
In
Grundprobleme der großen Philosophen - Neuzeit I, J. Speck (Hg) Göttingen 1997
Magical Thinking Lévi-Strauss I 23
Magical Thinking/Lévi-Strauss: one could consider the rigour and precision of magical thinking and ritual practices as the expression of an unconscious notion of the truth of determinism.
I 22
Magic/Witchcraft/Evans-Pritchard: seen as a system of natural philosophy, it contains a theory of causes: misfortune arises from the magic that cooperates with the forces of nature. (E.E. Evans-Pritchard 1955(1))
I 34
The mythical thinking, although trapped in images, is already generalizing, i.e. scientific, because it works with analogies and comparisons. .... However, reconstructions with the same materials are always related to past purposes and play in this the role of means. The signifiers become significants and vice versa. >Determinism, >Nature, >Causes, >Effect, >Generalization,
>Analogies, >Purpose-means-rationality, >Pathetic fallacy.


1. E.E. Evans-Pritchard, "Witchcraft", Africa, vol. 8, Number 4, London 1955, S. 418f.

LevSt I
Claude Lévi-Strauss
La pensée sauvage, Paris 1962
German Edition:
Das Wilde Denken Frankfurt/M. 1973

LevSt II
C. Levi-Strauss
The Savage Mind (The Nature of Human Society Series) Chicago 1966

Metalanguage Barthes Röttger-Denker I 26
Metalanguage/Barthes: Barthes makes the distinction: Connotation, language and metalanguage. Metalanguage/Barthes: when a sign of a first system becomes the signified of a second system.
For example, the "little black dress" is the level: festive occasion,
second level: signified for a formulation in the fashion magazine.
>Photograhy, >Picture, >Mapping, >Image, >Symbols, >Icons.
Connotation language/Barthes: very similar: first system: (lttle black dress that means festive occasion) becomes the signifier of the second system, whose signifier forms fashion ideology or fashion rhetoric.
>Description levels, >Similarity, >Connotation, cf. >Object language.

Barthes I
R. Barthes
Mythologies: The Complete Edition, in a New Translation New York 2013


Röttger I
Gabriele Röttger-Denker
Roland Barthes zur Einführung Hamburg 1997
Photography Barthes Röttger-Denker I 25
Photography/Barthes: through its absolutely analogical nature and the paradox of a "message without code", photography enhances the utopian character of denotation. Depoliticization and "denunciation".
Röttger-Denker I 106
> href="https://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-list.php?concept=Picture+%28Image%29">Picture, > href="https://philosophy-science-humanities-controversies.com/listview-list.php?concept=Picture+%28Mapping%29">Mapping, >Image, >Symbols, >Icons. Photography/Barthes: eidolon: eidolon is that what is photographed, i.e. the referent, the target of photography.
Röttger-Denker I 112
Photography/Sartre: photography is meaningless in magazines, since the persons were captured, but without existential creation. Sartre: "We have consciousness, in some way, to revive the photo, to give it its life, to make a picture of it."
Röttger-Denker I 113
Barthes: he did not deepen this question of the "pathetic" in the photo. Instead: I see, so look, so watch, so I think. >Seeing, >World/Thinking.
Röttger-Denker I 113
Photography/Barthes: Adventure of the image: good photography is like a classical sonata: two themes: study and punctum. Studies: »To like, not to love« (half-hearted desire). "Punctum": emerges from the scene, not from the viewer. A wound is inflicted on me. For example, in the photograph »Portrait de la famille« a shock is triggered by the woman's buckle shoes. Paradox: even only a detail fulfills the whole photography.
Röttger-Denker I 114
"Third sense" (troisieme sens): the third sense is a signifier without signified. (The films of Eisenstein). Photography/Barthes: despite the chemical development: the non-developable, also the note writing of a haiku cannot be further developed, deepened. Everything is already given.
Röttger-Denker I 119
Photography/Barthes: "What I see is not a memory, no imagination, no part of the Maya, how art has enchanted them, it is the reality in the past state. In one the past and the real. This aspect of the photo makes me wonder: how come I live here and now?
Röttger-Denker I 120
Photography/Barthes: in contrast to the fictionality of language, it does not invent anything.
Röttger-Denker I 123
Photography/Barthes: due to the force of the evidence the photo cannot be deepened, cannot be pierced through. Looking at it is safe - unlike the text.
Röttger-Denker I 127
Photography/Barthes: Not art, but magic, emanation of the past. The power of photography does not refer to the object, but to the time. The pathos and melancholy of photography lies in being without a future. Time halts. The time of the picture, the object and the viewer are bundled. The simultaneity prevents a wandering of the thoughts, a dreaming.

Barthes I
R. Barthes
Mythologies: The Complete Edition, in a New Translation New York 2013


Röttger I
Gabriele Röttger-Denker
Roland Barthes zur Einführung Hamburg 1997
Picture (Image) Barthes Röttger-Denker I 20
Picture/Image/Denotation/Connotation/Barthes: E.g. Spaghetti package with Italian tricolor
Signified: is formed by the real object.
Signifier: is formed by the photographed object.
Denotation: the literal image is denoted.
Connotation: the symbolic image is connotated.
Cultural knowledge is necessary for interpretation.
>Interpretation, >Culture, >Cultural values, >Cultural tradition, >Cultural meaning, >Culture shift, >Cultural relativism, >Connotation, >Photography.

Röttger-Denker I 54
Picture/Barthes: the exclamation "C'est ca!" When looking at it characterizes the approach to the dissolution of meaning and nonsense. >Sense, >Senseless.
Röttger-Denker I 125
Picture/Barthes: (Jardin d'hiver): Barthes does not speak here of the identity of the image anymore but of the truth. Confusion of reality (ca a été) with the truth (C'est ca). >Reality, >Truth, >World/thinking.

Barthes I
R. Barthes
Mythologies: The Complete Edition, in a New Translation New York 2013


Röttger I
Gabriele Röttger-Denker
Roland Barthes zur Einführung Hamburg 1997
Semiotics Ricoeur II 7
Semiotics/Ricoeur: (...) [the] two sciences [semiotics and semantics] are not just distinct, but also reflect a hierarchical order. The object of semiotics - the sign — is merely virtual. Only the sentence is actual as the very event of speaking. This is why there is no way of passing from the word as a lexical sign to the sentence by mere extension of the same methodology to a more complex entity. The sentence is not a larger or more complex word, it is a new entity. There is therefore no linear progression from the phoneme to the lexeme and then on to the sentence and to linguistic wholes larger than the sentence. Each stage requires new structures and a new description.
II 8
The distinction between two kinds of linguistics - semiotics and semantics - reflects this network of relations. Semiotics, the science of signs, is formal to the extent that it relies on the dissociation of language into constitutive parts. Semantics, the science of the sentence, is immediately concerned with the concept of sense (...). Ricoeur: For me, the distinction between semantics and semiotics is the key to the whole problem of language (...).
II 21
If language were not fundamentally referential, would or could it be meaningful? (>Dialogue/Ricoeur). How could we know that a sign stands for something, if it did not receive its direction towards something for which it stands from its use in discourse? Finally, semiotics appears as a mere abstraction of semantics. And the semiotic definition of the sign as an inner difference between signifier and signified presupposes its semantic definition as reference to the thing for which it stands. >Utterer’s Meaning/Ricoeur, ((s) Cf. >Semantics, >Speaker Meaning).

Ricoeur I
Paul Ricoeur
De L’interprétation. Essai sur Sigmund Freud
German Edition:
Die Interpretation. Ein Versuch über Freud Frankfurt/M. 1999

Ricoeur II
Paul Ricoeur
Interpretation theory: discourse and the surplus of meaning Fort Worth 1976

Signs Luhmann AU Cas 4
Definition mark/Luhmann: difference of signifier and signified. - Not "the designated"!
Character: a form with two sides: one always uses the inner side of the form. > G. Spencer-Brown 1969(1).


1. Spencer-Brown, George (1969). Laws of Form. London: Allen & Unwin.
---
AU Cass 12
Character/world/ontology/Saussure/Luhmann: signs and signified are both linguistically internal. One could not have words, if one does not mean something with them. >Words, >Language/Luhmann, >Communication/Luhmann, >Information/Luhmann.
On the other hand: you can make any decisions without anything getting doubled.
The sign means what it means in use, so the meaning of apple, is not the apple itself. - That is ambiguous. Sense of the apple or speaker's intention?
>Sense/Luhmann, >Speaker intention, >Speaker meaning.
AU Cass 12
Sign/re-entry/Luhmann: Re-entry: the distinction between signifier and signified as a distinction is the sign. - The sign is the unity of distinction. - The signifier is not the sign. This corresponds with a 2nd order observation.
>Observation/operation/Luhmann, >Blind spot.
I designate characters. - I designate my distinction - blind spot: the user of the sign cannot really use the unit as a unit. - For this he would need the concept of the sign.

AU I
N. Luhmann
Introduction to Systems Theory, Lectures Universität Bielefeld 1991/1992
German Edition:
Einführung in die Systemtheorie Heidelberg 1992

Lu I
N. Luhmann
Die Kunst der Gesellschaft Frankfurt 1997

Signs Peirce Berka I 29
Sign/Logic/Peirce: in Logic all three types of signs must occur. Symbols: without it there is no universality.
Universality: essential for conclusions.
>Icons/Peirce, >Icons, >Logic, >Conclusions.
Berka I 30
Problem: a symbol alone says nothing about the subject matter. - A general term can only allude to an object. >Generality.
Conclusion/Peirce: needs in addition to symbol (for truth) and index (both together (for sentence formation) the 3rd character: the icon: because inference consists in the observation that where certain relations exist, some other relations can be found.
>Conclusion, >Symbols, >Icons, >Relations.
These relations must be represented by an icon - e.g. the middle term of the syllogism must actually occur in both premises.(1)
>Syllogisms, >Premises.
Berka I 29
Symbol/Peirce: the symbol says nothing about the subject.(1) >Indexicality, >Ostension, >Pointing, >Ostensive definition.

1. Ch. S. Peirce, On the algebra of logic. A contribution to the philosophy of notation. American Journal of Mathematics 7 (1885), pp. 180-202 – Neudruck in: Peirce, Ch. S., Collected Papers ed. C. Hartstone/P. Weiss/A. W. Burks, Cambridge/MA 1931-1958, Vol. III, pp. 210-249
---
Diaz-Bone I 68f
Sign/Peirce/VsKant: VsConstruction of the transcendental Subject: pragmatism is the method that enables successful linguistic and mental communication and clear ideas. For Peirce, every thought is a sign. >Subject/Kant, >I. Kant, >Transcendentals, >Thoughts,
>Pragmatism.
---
Eco I 114
Sign/Peirce/Eco: triadic form: base: symbol (represented) object (that it represents) Tip: interpretant (many authors want to equate this with signifier or reference). >Reference, Signifier, >Significant.

Peir I
Ch. S. Peirce
Philosophical Writings 2011


Berka I
Karel Berka
Lothar Kreiser
Logik Texte Berlin 1983

James I
R. Diaz-Bone/K. Schubert
William James zur Einführung Hamburg 1996

Eco I
U. Eco
Opera aperta, Milano 1962, 1967
German Edition:
Das offene Kunstwerk Frankfurt/M. 1977

Eco II
U, Eco
La struttura assente, Milano 1968
German Edition:
Einführung in die Semiotik München 1972
Simulacrum Baudrillard Blask I 26
Simulacra = are artificial worlds of signs.
Baudrillard: Order of the Simulacra:
1st order: (Renaissance) Imitation, pretense, automat
2nd order: (industrial revolution) production/reproduction, robot
3rd order: (Present) There is random permutation. Negation is integrated. There is total relativity. There is no choice. All answers are already there.
Blask I 29
Def Simulation/Baudrillard: simulation is that irresistible process, in which things are linked together as if they had a meaning. It eliminates the principle of truth and thus the semantic equivalence between the signifier and the signified. >Simulation, >Robots, >Truth, >Synonymy, >Sign, >Symbol, >Renaissance, >Relativism.

Baud I
J. Baudrillard
Simulacra and Simulation (Body, in Theory: Histories) Ann Arbor 1994

Baud II
Jean Baudrillard
Symbolic Exchange and Death, London 1993
German Edition:
Der symbolische Tausch und der Tod Berlin 2009


Blask I
Falko Blask
Jean Baudrillard zur Einführung Hamburg 2013
Stimuli Eco I 80
Stimulus/Art/Eco: the stimulus is ambiguous. The recipient cannot simply perform an operation, he/she cannot isolate any signifiers and has to grasp the totality. The reaction is theoretically infinite, since it ends when the form stops appearing appealing to the recipient. This is about habituation. >Art, >Convention, >Meaning, >Interpretation, >Aesthetic experience.

Eco I
U. Eco
Opera aperta, Milano 1962, 1967
German Edition:
Das offene Kunstwerk Frankfurt/M. 1977

Eco II
U, Eco
La struttura assente, Milano 1968
German Edition:
Einführung in die Semiotik München 1972

Texts Barthes Röttger-Denker I 35
Text/Body: Geno Text: the text body: are the spots, scratches, splashes on the images of Cy Twombly.
Röttger-Denker I 37
Twombly: Twombly has often drawn in the dark. He trusted his hand. Text/Barthes: Barthes emphasizes the inbetween in the text.
>Literature, >Interpretation, >Meaning, >Metaphor, >Sign, >Hermeneutics/Gadamer, >Hermeneutics/Ricoeur.
Röttger-Denker I 41
Text/writing/scripture/S/Z/Barthes: "the writable" is the basic value. Binary code: Writable readable (scriptible lisible).
Röttger-Denker I 42
The writable: writable is the Romanesque without the novel, the poetry without the poem, the essay without the representation, the writing without the style, the production without the product, the structuring without the structure." >Writing.
Text/Barthes: (> Barthes Vs Tel Quel Group) the text desires me. The writing that includes the body, the body of lust.
Röttger-Denker I 67
Twombly: here the distinction between écriture/peinture has become questionable. Barthes: Barthes brings Twombly's pictures in the context of the Satori (Zen experience), which causes the recognition, the subject to shift. It causes an emptiness in the language. The signifiers exchange themselves, in body, face and writing. Zen Master: "the mind of the perfect human is like a mirror. It does not hold on, but it does not refuse. He accepts, but he does not stop."
Röttger-Denker I 72
Twombly/Barthes: he looks at his pictures in terms of the event. As a kind of theater, it is phenomenologically structured. Factum, chance, outcome, surprise, action. "The writing cannot find shelter, it is absolutely superfluous." The flower has been written down, then written away. ((s)> Serres). Twombly's unfinished pictures invite the viewer to co-produce. stroke: "Trace of his drive".
Röttger-Denker I 77
Text/Barthes: The pleasure in the text (early work): here, above all, the connection between body and language was relevant, not as in tradition, the context of meaning and language.
Röttger-Denker I 103
Text/writing/photography/Barthes: Barthes admits that his real desire is to ban the absence of the mother by writing. "Jardin d 'hiver" Photography: here the mother of Barthes is depicted as a five-year-old girl. Ecstatic certainty: écriture, Satori.
Röttger-Denker I 146
Text/Barthes: the text cannot tell. It carries my body somewhere else. >Body/Barthes.

Barthes I
R. Barthes
Mythologies: The Complete Edition, in a New Translation New York 2013


Röttger I
Gabriele Röttger-Denker
Roland Barthes zur Einführung Hamburg 1997


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