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The author or concept searched is found in the following 15 entries.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
Entry |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Behavior | Kelly | Morozov I 214 Behavior/Social Networks/Technology/Politics/Economy/Kelly/Morozov: Kelly thesis: Only by listening to the history of technology (...) can we hope to solve our personal puzzles.(1) >Technology, >Social networks. Kelly: we can modify our legal and economic expectations by adapting them to the (...) technological development lines.(2) I 215 MorozovVsKelly: Why should we change our economic and political assumptions if we could change those lines of development instead? Why change our notions of privacy if we could change Facebook and Google instead? Why should we accept predictive policing measure instead of restricting them to areas where they do not undermine contradiction and reason? And to what extent should we change our expectations? >Expectation. KellyVsMorozov: instead, he thinks you should try every idea immediately. And continue as long as this idea exists.(3) >E. Morozov. I 216 Behavior/KellyVsAmish/Kelly/Morozov: Kelly accuses the Amish of denying opportunities not only to their own people, but to all people. (4) MorozovVsKelly: It never dawned on Kelly that political communities may be entitled to determine their own lives, and that restrictions as far as they have been democratically created - as is not always the case with the Amish - could also be good for humanity. Kelly's all about the means. >Democracy, >Society, >Community. 1. Kevin Kelly, What Technology Wants, Kindle ed. (New York: Penguin Books, 2011), p. 6 2. ibid. p. 174 3. ibid., p.252. 4. ibid. p. 237 |
Kelly I Kevin Kelly What Technology Wants New York 2011 Morozov I Evgeny Morozov To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism New York 2014 |
| Behavior | Morozov | Morozov I 214 Behavior/Social Networks/Technology/Digitalization/Politics/Economy/Kelly/Morozov: Kelly's thesis: Only by listening to the history of technology (...) we can hope to solve our personal puzzles.(1) Kelly: we can modify our legal and economic expectations by adapting them to the (...) technological development lines.(2) >Technology, >Technocracy, >Progress. I 215 MorozovVsKelly: Why should we change our economic and political assumptions if we could change those lines of development instead? Why change our notions of privacy if we could change Facebook and Google instead? Why should we accept predictive policing measures instead of restricting them to areas where they do not undermine contradiction and reason? And to what extent should we change our expectations? KellyVsMorozov: instead, he thinks you should try every idea immediately. And continue as long as this idea exists.(3) I 216 Behavior/KellyVsAmish/Kelly/Morozov: Kelly accuses the Amish of denying opportunities not only to their own people, but to all people. (4) MorozovVsKelly: It never dawned on Kelly that political communities may be entitled to determine their own lives, and that restrictions as far as they have been democratically created - as is not always the case with the Amish - could also be good for humanity. Kelly's all about the means. >Democracy, >Community, >Politics, >Power, >Society, >Freedom, >Purpose/means rationality. 1. Kevin Kelly, What Technology Wants, Kindle ed. (New York: Penguin Books, 2011), p. 6 2. ibid. p. 174 3. ibid., p.252. 4. ibid. p. 237. |
Morozov I Evgeny Morozov To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism New York 2014 |
| Censorship | Morozov | I 193 Censorship/State/Media/Internet/Private Companys/Industry/Morozov: If Uncle Sam ((s) the American government, the state) tells you to shut up, then it is censorship; if Apple does this it is just a contractual clause somewhere in the service terms (which you have never read anyway). >State, >Public sphere, >Media. Facebook: The police need a probable reason to monitor your private Facebook communication, but Facebook itself can, well, just because it is able to do it - and it has the right algorithms. >Facebook, >Social Media, >Social Networks. |
Morozov I Evgeny Morozov To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism New York 2014 |
| Cloud Computing | Lanier | I 75 Cloud Computing/Lanier: it depends on how you define yourself. I 76 It is important to recognise the similarity between the gentlemen and the peasants of the cloud. Hedge fund managers build up an apparant security for huge risks. This is a subtle form of fraud, but that is exactly what a competitive teenager does when he/she collects a fantastic number of "friends" at a service like Facebook. >Social networks, >Social media, >Facebook. |
Lanier I Jaron Lanier You are not a Gadget. A Manifesto, New York 2010 German Edition: Gadget: Warum die Zukunft uns noch braucht Frankfurt/M. 2012 |
| Morozov | I 29 Google/Morozov: as the past few years show, Google is not driven by an ideology of openness or public; at this point it seems to be concerned only with competition in the market. When it felt so far ahead of Facebook and Apple, it built open platforms and launched unprofitable but useful services. But these times are long gone: it has turned off many of the platforms celebrated by Jarvis (see Google/Jarvis) and has become much more cautious by charging fees for some services and eliminating others altogether. I 147 Google/Morozov: Google may not feel comfortable in its role as a guardian of our public life. (...) Its business conduct is in constant conflict with its responsibility in public life, whereas the former has always won so far. I 148 Eric Schmidt ((s) former head of Google) describes people as Google's customers, who he does not want to criticize for what they do, even if it is idiotic (1). MorozovVsSchmidt: by describing people as customers, he takes a lot of pressure from Google's shoulders. (...) It makes its public ((s) political) role disappear. This neutrality is con... Algorithms/Filter/Search Algorithms/Search Filters/Morozov: we need to stop thinking that new filters (...) are superior to previous practices - they may only be faster, cheaper and more efficient. Algorithms/Filter/Weinberger/Morozov: David Weinberger is completely mistaken when he writes that the "Internet" filters would no longer filter out something, but bring something forward. (2). >Algorithms. I 149 MorozovVsWeinberger: he gives Silicon Valley a moral free ride ticket and also makes the mistake of internet centrism (See Terminology/Morozov) to believe that such filters, simply because they came from "the internet", are somehow divine and free of tendencies. 1. Julie Moos, “Transcript of Google CEO Eric Schmidt’s Q& A at NAA,” Poynter.org, April 7, 2009, http:// www.poynter.org/ latest-news/ top-stories/ 95079/ transcript-of-google-ceo-eric-schmidts-qa-at-naa. 2. David Weinberger, Too Big to Know: Rethinking Knowledge Now that the Facts Aren’t the Facts, Experts Are Everywhere, and the Smartest Person in the Room Is the Room (New York: Basic Books, 2012), 11. |
Morozov I Evgeny Morozov To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism New York 2014 |
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| Internet | Morozov | I 14 Internet/Morozov: The physical infrastructure we know as "the Internet" bears little resemblance to the mythical "Internet" - the one that supposedly brought down the governments of Tunisia and Egypt and supposedly destroyed our brains - which is at the heart of our public debates. The infrastructure and design of this network of networks play a certain role in sanctioning many of these myths - for example, the idea that the Internet is "resistant to censorship" comes from the unique qualities of its packet-conveying communication mechanism - but "the Internet", which is the curse of public debates, also contains many other stories and tales - about innovation, surveillance, capitalism - that have little to do with infrastructure per se. >Networks, >Social Media, >Social Networks. I 15 I want to understand why and how iTunes or Wikipedia - some of the mythical core elements of the "Internet" - have become role models for thinking about the future of politics. How have Zynga and Facebook become role models for thinking about civic engagement? I 38 Knowledge/Internet/Morozov: the Internet itself does not change anything about what counts as knowledge. >Knowledge/Weinberger, MorozovVsWeinberger. (1) I 208 Internet/Morozov:"the Internet" is the result of our world - not its cause. >Lifeworld. 1. David Weinberger, Too Big to Know (New York: Basic Books, 2012) |
Morozov I Evgeny Morozov To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism New York 2014 |
| Internet Law | Pariser | I 249 Online Rights/Pariser: while it is illegal to use a photo of Brad Pitt to sell a wristwatch, Facebook may use our names to sell one to our friends. |
Pariser I Eli Pariser The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We Think London 2012 |
| Memes | Morozov | I 155 Meme/Morozov: are mostly made and not born. Ryan Holiday: it is about suggesting that the meme already exists and all the reporter (or music editor or promoter) has to do is popularize it.(1) Morozov: Holiday blogs serve this purpose accordingly. >Blogs. I 158 Facebook/Taina Bucher/Morozov: Facebook wants to feed us with things with a high meme-potential, so it investigates what kind of stories - from which friends? which topics? - users tend to click most often.(2) >Social Media, >Social Networks. Morozov: There is nothing wrong with this attitude in itself, but like Twitter it embodies a certain vision of how public life should work and what it should reward, and it facilitates the creation of memes. I 158 Meme/Jonah Peretti/Morozov: Jonah Peretti, founder of BuzzFeed and the unsurpassed King of Meme, says it is hard to build memes around content that makes people sad. If something is total rubbish, people do not share it. (3) 1. Ryan Holiday, Trust Me, I’m Lying: Confessions of a Media Manipulator, Kindle ed. (New York: Portfolio Hardcover, 2012), 23. 2. Taina Bucher, “Want to Be on the Top? Algorithmic Power and the Threat of Invisibility on Facebook,” New Media & Society 14, no. 7 (2012), available at http:// nms.sagepub.com/ content/ 14/ 7/ 1164; Bucher, “The Friendship Assemblage: Investigating Programmed Sociality on Facebook,” Television & New Media, August 2012, http:// tvn.sagepub.com/ content/ early/ 2012/ 08/ 14/ 1527476412452800. abstract; and Bucher, “A Technicity of Attention: How Software Makes Sense,’” Culture Machine 13 (2012), http:// culturemachine.net/ index.php/ cm/ article/ viewArticle/ 470. 3. quoted in Ryan Holiday, Trust Me, I’m Lying, (see above, FN 1) p. 62. |
Morozov I Evgeny Morozov To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism New York 2014 |
| Politics | Morozov | I 103 Politics/Internet/Morozov: the German Pirate Party was accused by the Green Volker Beck of discussing contents of other parties in its Liquid Feedback System in a way that suggests that they are the Pirate Party's own contents. This happened because these contents had been downloaded from the Internet (1) I 106 Morozov: In the American context, Liquid Feedback is a solution to a problem that does not exist; both parties already rely on sophisticated microtargeting tools to uncover and address our most secret desires and needs. >Internet/Morozov. I 111 Politics/Internet/Zuckerberg/Morozov: In 2008 Mark Zuckerberg announced: we are now at a point where a lot of these applications are efficient enough for people to have a voice without needing a large organization with millions of others and a million dollar endowment to fight for a particular thing. (2) Morozov: this quickly led to projects like ruck.us, co-founded by Nathan Daschle son of former Democratic senator Tom Daschle. This website is intended to replace the two ((s) large U.S. -american) parties in order to make "the internet" the main mouthpiece of political expression. Ruck.us/Morozov: works like this: with the registration on the site you answer some questions about your political preferences, such as whether the government should play a role in the organization of education. Afterwards, the user's "political DNA" is created and checked to see which other users he/she agrees with. Similar to Netflix that recommends a film, depending on the classification of the profile.(3) I 113 Dave KarpfVsRuck.us/KarpfVsDaschle: such approaches all have the same error: they treat politics as a kind of market. But the two-party system does not form a market.(4) >Markets. I 134 Politics/Internet/Morozov: the most obvious is the contempt that geeks have for politics, while at the same time respecting administration in an interview with Bill Maris, the head of Google's risk fund (5) According to Maris, politicians spend most of their time in politics without incentives for real change. 1. Westervelt, “A Party on the Rise, Germany’s Pirates Come Ashore,” NPR, June 6, 2012, http:// www.npr.org/ 2012/ 06/ 06/ 154388897/ a-party-on-the-rise-germanys-pirates-come-ashore.; “Sinking Ship: Voters Growing Disillusioned with Germany’s Pirate Party,” Der Spiegel, October 25, 2012, http:// www.spiegel.de/ international/ germany/ german-voters-grow-disillusioned-with-pirate-party-a-863234. html. 2. Mark Zuckerberg in an interview with Sarah Lacy at SXSW 2008. Video is available at http:// allfacebook.com/ mark-zuckerberg-sarah-lacy-interview-video_b1063. 3. Alex Fitzpatrick, “Ruck.Us Breaks Up Party Politics on the Social Web,” Mashable, May 11, 2012, http:// mashable.com/ 2012/ 05/ 11/ ruckus. 4. Steve Freiss, “Son of Democratic Party Royalty Creates a Ruck.us,” Politico, June 26, 2012, http:// www.politico.com/ news/ stories/ 0612/ 77847. html. 5. David Ewing Duncan, “Why Do Our Best and Brightest End Up in Silicon Valley and Not D.C.?,” The Atlantic, May 6, 2012, http:// www.theatlantic.com/ technology/ archive/ 2012/ 05/ why-do-our-best-and-brightest-end-up-in-silicon-valley-and-not-dc/ 256767. |
Morozov I Evgeny Morozov To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism New York 2014 |
| Regulation | Morozov | I 4 Regulation/Control/Morozov: the website www.caniturniton.com controls the British electricity network every minute. To give users a sense of how busy their national energy network is and to encourage them to be responsible when it comes to making their tea. I 2 BinCam, a new project of researchers from the UK and Germany, is trying to modernise how we deal with waste by making our waste bins smarter and - you guessed it - more social. (...) The inner lid of the container is equipped with a tiny smartphone that snaps a photo every time you close it - of course, to document everything what you have just thrown away. A team of poorly paid people, recruited by Amazon's Mechanical Turk System, then evaluates each photo. What is the total number of articles in the picture? How many of them are recyclable? How many are food waste? After this information is attached to the photo, it will be uploaded to the garbage bin owner's Facebook account, where it can be shared with other users. >Facebook, >Internet, >Internet culture, >Internet/Benkler, >Y. Benkler, >L. Lessig, >J. Zittrain, >E. Pariser. |
Morozov I Evgeny Morozov To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism New York 2014 |
| Reputation | Morozov | I 236 Reputation/Morozov: Scattered data about user behavior on a wide variety of websites can be collected to draw accurate conclusions about you. This is where companies like Reputation.com come in. They promise to help you improve your online reputation. Sometimes by manipulating search results, sometimes by asking site operators to remove dangerous content from the net, of course for high fees that they charge their users. This service was used by investment banks after the crisis of 2008. I 239 Facebook/Social Media/Morozov: not having a Facebook account can be suspicious: The German newspaper "Der Tagesspiegel" wrote that neither James Holmes, the person running amok in Aurora, nor Anders Breivik would have had a Facebook profile, which should be seen as an indication that a person would have had problems.(1) >Facebook, >Social Media, >Social Networks, >Internet, >Internet culture, >Internet/Benkler, >Y. Benkler, >L. Lessig, >J. Zittrain, >E. Pariser. 1. Katrin Schulze, “Machen sich Facebook-Verweigerer verdächtig?,” Der Tagesspiegel, July 24, 2012, http:// www.tagesspiegel.de/ weltspiegel/ nach-dem-attentat-von-denver-kein-facebook-profil-kein-job-angebot/ 6911648– 2. html |
Morozov I Evgeny Morozov To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism New York 2014 |
| Search Engines | Pariser | I 41 Search Engines/Filters/Personalized Search/Google/Pariser: Google developed a set of personalization algorithms that divide searchers into groups. A number of these were patented until 2008. Google gives an example in its patent application: People who collect shark teeth and those who do not get different selections of search results when they search for "big white incisors". (1) I 45 Facebook/EdgeRank/Pariser: Facebook does it similarly. Even if you only have 100 friends, you receive too much stuff to read everything. Facebooks solution was EdgeRank that registered every interaction of users. The algorithm is complicated, the idea is based on three factors (2). 1. Degree of connectedness: how much time is spent on interacting with a particular person 2. Content weighting: which news items are selected? 3. Timeliness: more attention will be paid to messages posted recently. 1. Patentvolltext, aufgerufen am 10.12. 2010, http.//patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=1&p=1&f=G&1=50&d=PTXT&S1=7,451,130.PN.&OS=pn/7,451,130&RS=PN/7,451,13, 2. Jason Kincaid, »EdgeRank: The Secret Sauce That Makes Facebook’s News Feed Tick«, TechCrunch-Blog, 22. 04. 2010, aufgerufen am 10.12. 2010, http://techcrunch.com/2010/04/22/facebook-edgerank. |
Pariser I Eli Pariser The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We Think London 2012 |
| Superintelligence | Hillis | Brockman I 172 Superintelligence/Hillis: Although we do not always perceive it, hybrid superintelligences such as nation- states and corporations have their own emergent goals. Although they are built by and for humans, they often act like independent intelligent entities, and their actions are not always aligned with the interests of the people who created them. The state is not always for the citizen, nor the company for the shareholder. Nor do not-for-profits, religious orders, or political parties always act in furtherance of their founding principles. Intuitively, we recognize that their actions are guided by internal goals, which is why we personify them, both legally and in our habits of thought. Brockman I 173 The components’ good intentions are not a guarantee of the emergent system’s good behavior. Brockman I 174 It is interesting to consider how the hybrid superintelligences [e.g., companies or nations] currently deal with conflicts among themselves. They are willing, if necessary, to demand great sacrifices of their citizens to enforce their authority, even to the point of sacrificing their citizens’ lives. Brockman I 175 Localization: This geographical division of authority made logical sense when most of the actors were humans who spent their lives within a single nation-state, but now that the actors of importance include geographically distributed hybrid intelligences such as multinational corporations, that logic is less obvious. An artificial intelligence might well exist “in the cloud” rather than at any physical location. Possible scenarios: 1st. Multiple machine intelligences will ultimately be controlled by and allied with, individual nation-state, e.g., American and Chinese super-AIs. In this scenario, the superintelligences become an extension of the state, and vice versa. 2nd Scenario: corporate/AI scenario: (…) companies [like Amazon, Baidu, Microsoft, Facebook, Apple, and IBM] all see a business imperative to build artificial intelligences of their own. It is easy to imagine a future in which corporations independently build their own machine intelligences, protected within firewalls preventing the machines from taking advantage of one another’s knowledge. 3rd Scenario: perhaps the one people fear the most, is that artificial intelligences will not be aligned with either humans or hybrid superintelligences but will act solely in their own interests. They might even merge into a single machine superintelligence (…). Brockman I 176 4th scenario: machine intelligences will not be allied with one another but instead will work to further the goals of humanity as a whole. In this optimistic scenario, AI could help us restore the balance of power between the individual and the corporation, between the citizen and the state. Hillis, D. W. “The First Machine Intelligences” in: Brockman, John (ed.) 2019. Twenty-Five Ways of Looking at AI. New York: Penguin Press. |
Brockman I John Brockman Possible Minds: Twenty-Five Ways of Looking at AI New York 2019 |
| Terminology | Lanier | I 29 FN Definition Noosphere/noosphere/Terminology/Lanier: a collective brain consisting of all people connected to each other on the Internet. We should resolutely oppose this idea. >Social networks, >Social media, >Internet, >Internet Culture, >Internet Law, >Internet Protocol, >Internet Security, >World Wide Web. I 30 Definition Digital Maoism/Definition Cybernetic Totalitarianism/Lanier: the victorious technological subculture. It includes people from the world of open culture, creative commons, members of the Linux community, representatives of the Artificial Intelligence approach and others. Their most popular blog are Boing Boing, Tech-Crunch and Slashdot. Their message in the old country is the magazine Wired. I 31 Their followers have no evil intentions. I 40 Definition Grey slime: tiny computers built by computers that will eat up the earth. Further development of the idea of >singularity in science. I 44 "The highest meta": Race for the highest meta: previous aggregation layers are aggregated again and again (automatically read and summarized). Cf. >ChatGPT, >Artificial Intelligence. I 89 Casual anonymity/Lanier: an effortless, inconsequential, transient anonymity at the service of an objective such as promoting an opinion that has nothing to do with one's own identity or personality. >Anonymity. I 110 Digital Maoism: does not reject hierarchies in principle. It rewards only an outstanding degree a very specific, preferred hierarchy, which is the digital meta-level, according to which a mash is more important than the sources from which the mash was squeezed. A blog from blogs is higher than a simple blog. In the cloud,"meta" is synonymous with power. Cf. >Facebook, >Blogs, >E. Morozov, >Y. Benkler, >E. Pariser, >J. Zittrain, >L. Lessig. |
Lanier I Jaron Lanier You are not a Gadget. A Manifesto, New York 2010 German Edition: Gadget: Warum die Zukunft uns noch braucht Frankfurt/M. 2012 |
| Terminology | Morozov | I XIV Terminology/Morozov: Solutionism: the ideology of Silicon Valley, there must be a (technical) solution for everything. >Technology, >Technocracy. "Internet-centrism": the idea that the Internet is the "place" where it all happens ((s) is not only widespread in Silicon Valley). >Internet, >Internet culture, >Social Media, >Social Networks. Solutionism: merely the availability of cheap digital solutions tells us what needs to be repaired. The more patches we have, the more problems we see. But not all bugs are really bugs. I 5 Solutionism: it is more about defining problems than about solving them - and the answer is given before the question is formulated to the end.(1) >Problems, >Problem Solving, >Questions, >Answers, >Question Answering. I 72 Bruno Latour calls "double click" (2) a communication and knowledge production,[which] could run as a relatively uncomplicated and smooth affair, (...) without intermediaries such as databases and search engines. As normal computer users, we have become accustomed to the idea that information can easily appear in our browsers with just a few clicks of the mouse, but such as how it gets there from its original source - which proverbial cloud our e-mail is on - and what happens to it is often much more interesting than the actual content of what we click on. But unfortunately, we rarely bother to investigate such details. Similarly, information systems that give us access to campaign data are not like transparent greenhouses, but rather like mirror cabinets. >Search engines. I 82 Solutionists accept problems rather than investigating them; armed with the idea of the "Internet", they accept very specific problems in a particularly Internet-centric way. I 128 Techno-Escapism/Morozov: is the thesis that technology, here "the Internet" can make politics superfluous. (Representative according to Morozov: Peter Thiel, Palantir, Peter H. Diamandis). Techno-Rationalism/Morozov: is the ((s) related) thesis that "the Internet" can shrink what is political in politics and instead allow the technocratic dimension to grow. >Cf. >Democracy. I 130 Techno-Escapism/Diamandis/Morozov: according to Diamandis, technology makes everything better and to a greater extent available. (3) (MorozovVsDiamandis/MorozovVsThiel). 132 Techno-Rationalism/Morozov: the ultimate aim of politics is to improve potholes in road surfaces. I 133 Techno-Rationalism/Eric Schmidt/Google/Morozov: Eric Schmidt describes Washington as an established protective mechanism in which laws of lobbyists are written. (4) MorozovVsSchmidt: this has never prevented Google from developing its own lobbying in Washington. >Google, cf.>Facebook, >Social Media, >Social Networks, >>Internet, >Internet/Benkler, >Y. Benkler, >L. Lessig, >J. Zittrain, >E. Pariser. 1. Vgl. Michael Dobbins, Urban Design and People, 1st ed. (New York: Wiley, 2009), 182. 2. Bruno Latour, “What If We Talked Politics a Little?,” Contemporary Political Theory 2, no. 2 (July 2003): 143– 164. 3. Peter H. Diamandis and Steven Kotler, Abundance: The Future Is Better than You Think, 5th impression (New York: Free Press, 2012), 6. 4. Derek Thompson, “Google’s CEO: ‘The Laws Are Written by Lobbyists,’” The Atlantic, October 1, 2010, http:// www.theatlantic.com/ technology/ archive/ 2010/ 10/ googles-ceo-the-laws-are-written-by-lobbyists/ 63908. |
Morozov I Evgeny Morozov To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism New York 2014 |
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